Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards
Iliopsoas
Prox:
Psoas major; lumbar transverse processes, intervertebral discs
Iliacus; iliac fossa
Dist: lesser trochanter of the femur
N: anterior rami (L1-3)
hip flexion and flexion of the trunk
Pectineus
Prox: pecten pubis and adjacent bone of the pelvis
Dist: Pectineus line
N: femoral nerve (L2-3)
hip flexion and adduction
Rectus femoris
Prox:
Long head; AIIS
Short head; ilium, just superior to the acetabulum
Dist: quadriceps femoris tendon
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)
flexion at the hip, extension at the knee
Sartorius
Prox: ASIS
Dist: medial surface of tibia, just inferno medial to the tibial tuberosity
N: femoral nerve (L2-3)
flexion at the hip and knee
Gluteus maximus
Prox: outer surface of posterior ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Dist: posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur
N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Extension at the hip, lateral stabilizer of hip and knee and lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh
Biceps femoris
Prox:
Long head; inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity
Short heads lateral lip of linea aspera
Dist: head of fibula, lateral tibial condyle
N: sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
extension and lateral rotation at hip, flexion and lateral rotation at knee
Semitendinosus
Prox: inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity
Dist: medial surface of proximal tibia
N: sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
extension at the hip, medial rotation at hip and knee, flexion at knee
Semimembranosus
Prox: superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity
Dist: groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
N: sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Extension at hip. Medial rotation at hip and knee. Flexion at knee
Gluteus medius
Prox: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Dist: elongate facet on lateral surface of greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
abduction of femur at hip, holds pelvis secure over standing leg, prevents pelvic drop on opposite side during walking and medically rotates the thigh
Gluteus minimus
Prox: external surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Dist: linear facet on anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
abduction of femur at the hip, holds pelvis secure over stance leg, prevents pelvic drop in opposite side during walking, medial rotation of the thigh
Tensor fascia lata
Prox: lateral aspect of iliac crest between ASIS and tubercle of the crest
Dist: iliotibial tract if fascia late aka Gerry’s tubercle
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
stabilises the knee joint. Weak abductor and internal rotator
Piriformis
Prox: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
Dist: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur
N: branches from S1 and S2
lateral rotation of extended femur at the hip and abduction of flexed femur at the hip
Adductor Magnus
Prox:
Adductor part; ischiopubic ramus
Hamstring part; ischial tuberosity
Dist:
Adductor part; obturator (L2-4)
Hamstring part; sciatic (tibial division) (L4)
Adducts and medically rotates the thigh at the hip
Adductor Longus
Prox: external surface of body of pubis (triangular depression inferior to pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis)
Dist: linea aspera on middle 1/3 of shaft of femur
N: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2-4)
adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor Brevis
Prox: external surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Dist: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper 1/3 of linea aspera
N: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2-3)
Adducts and medically rotates thigh at hip
Gracilis
Prox: a line on the external surfaces of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium
Dist: medial surface of proximal shaft of the tibia
N: obturator nerve (L2-3)
adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of the leg at the knee
Vastus Intermedius
Prox: upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
Dist: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella and lateral condyle of tibia
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)
extension of leg at the knee
Vastus Medialis
Prox: medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Dist: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)
Extension of leg at the knee
Vastus Lateralis
Prox: lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera
Dist: quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella
N: femoral (L2-4)
extension of the leg at the knee
Gastrocnemius
Prox:
Medial head; posterior surface of distal femur, just superior to the medial condyle
Lateral head; upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Dist: via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus
N: tibial nerve (S1-2)
plantarflexion of the foot and flexion at the knee
Plantaris
Prox: inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of the knee
Dist: posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
N: tibial nerve (S1-2)
plantarflexion and flexion at the knee
Popliteus
Prox: lateral femoral condyle
Dist: posterior surface of proximal tibia
N: tibial nerve (L4 - S1)
stabilizes knee joint, resisting lateral rotation of tibia on the femur
Unlocks knee joint, laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia
Tibialis anterior
Prox: upper 1/3 of lateral surface of the shaft of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
Dist: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
N: deep peroneal (L4-5)
dorsiflexion, inversion, dynamic support of medial foot arch
Extensor hallucis longus
Prox: medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
Dist: dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
N: deep peroneal (L5-S1)
extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of the foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Prox: proximal 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle
Dist: via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
N: deep peroneal (L5-S1)
dorsiflexion of foot and extension of lateral 4 toes
Peroneus tertius
Prox: distal part of medial surface of fibula
Dist: dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal 5
N: deep peroneal (L5-S1)
dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Soleus
Prox: soleal line, medial tibia border, posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft, tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
Dist: via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of the calcaneus
N: tibial nerve (S1-2)
plantarflexion of foot
Flexor hallucis longus
Prox: lower 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
Dist: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
N: tibial nerve (S2-3)
flexes great toe and contributes to plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
Flexor digitorum longus
Prox: medial side of posterior surface of tibia
Dist: 4 tendons to plantar surfaces of distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes
N: tibial (S2-3)
flexes lateral 4 toes and contributes to plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint
Tibialis posterior
Prox: posterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane
Dist: navicular tuberosity and adjacent region of medial cuneiform
N: tibial (L4-5)
inversion and plantarflexion of the foot, support the medial foot arch during walking
Peroneus longus
Prox: upper lateral surface of fibula, head of fibula. Occasionally lateral tibial condyle
Dist: under surface and lateral sides of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
N: superficial peroneal (L5-S2)
eversion, plantarflexion and supports the arches of the foot
Peroneus brevis
Prox: lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula shaft
Dist: lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal 5
N: superficial peroneal (L5-S2)
eversion of foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
Prox: superolateral surface of the calcaneus
Dist: lateral sides of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes 2 to 5 via extensor hoods
N: deep peroneal (S1-2)
extension of toes
