lower limb muscles Flashcards
Gluteus maximus
Origin - gluteal surface of the ilium, iliac crest of the innominate bone, coccyx, sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion - gluteal tuberosity of the femur (1/4), (3/4) form the iliotibial tract
Nerve Supply - Inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
Action - Extension of the hip, extension of the knee - through the iliotibial tract
Semitendinosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity of the innominate bone
Insertion - Medial surface of medial condyle of tibia
Nerve Supply - Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Action - Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee
Semimembranosus
Origin - Ischial tuberosity of the innominate bone
Insertion - Posteromedial surface of medial condyle of tibia
Nerve Supply - Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Action - Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee
Biceps femoris
Origin - Ischial tuberosity of the innominate bone
Insertion - Head of fibula
Nerve Supply - Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Action - Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee
Rectus femoris
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine of the innominate bone and reflected head above the acetabulum
Insertion - Upper border of the patella
Nerve Supply - Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Action - Flexion of the hip and extension of the knee
Sartorius
Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine of the innominate bone
Insertion - Medial side of the body of the tibia, with gracilis and semintendinosus
Nerve Supply - Femoral nerve L2, L3
Action - Flexion of hip and knee, lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh, and medial rotation of the tibia on the femur
Adductor Magnus
Origin - ischial tuberosity of the innominate bone
Insertion - Upper part of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Nerve Supply - Obturator nerve L2, L3
Action - Adduction of the hip. May act as a medial or lateral rotation of the hip, depending on the position of the thigh
Gastrocnemius
Origin - Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Insertion - Via the achilles tendon into the posterior surface of the calcaneus
Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve S1, S2
Action - Plantar-flexion of the ankle joint. Flexion of the knee joint
Soleus
Origin - Soleal line on posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of upper third of fibula and fibrous arch between the two
Insertion - Via the achilles tendon into the posterior surface of the calcaneus
Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve S1, S2
Action - Plantar flexion of the ankle, posterior muscle. The soleus pump aids venous return
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin - Medial part of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion - Distal phalanx of lateral four toes
Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2
Action - Flexion of the lateral four toes. Plantar flexion of the ankle
Tibialis posterior
Origin - Upper half of lateral aspect of posterior surface of tibia, interosseous membrane and posterior surface of the fibula
Insertion - Tubercle on medial aspect of navicular , medial cuneiform + tendinous slips to most of the tarsal bones
Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve L4, L5
Action - Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin - Lower two-thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula
Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of the great toe
Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve S1, S2
Action - Flexion of all the joints of the great toe
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin - Upper two-thirds of anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, and lateral condyle of the tibia
Insertion - The base of the middle and distal phalanx of the lateral four toes
Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve L5, S1
Action - Extension of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the ankle
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin - Middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane
Insertion - The base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve L5, S1
Action - Extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion of the ankle
Fibularis tertius
Origin - Lower quarter of the fibula and the inter muscular septum
Insertion - The base of the 5th metatarsal
Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve L5, S1
Action - Eversion and dorsiflexion of the ankle
Tibialis anterior
Origin - Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of tibia and the interosseous membrane
Insertion - Medial side of medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve L4, L5
Action - Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot
Fibularis longus
Origin - Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion - Lateral surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Nerve Supply - Superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1
Action - Eversion of the foot, and plantar flexion of the ankle
Fibularis brevis
Origin - Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion - Base of the 5th metatarsal
Nerve Supply - Superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1
Action - Eversion of the foot, and plantar flexion of the ankle
