lower limb joints Flashcards
ankle joint movements
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion
articulation of ankle joint
The tibia and fibula form a socket which the talus slots into. On the sides of the talus, there is lateral malleoli of the fibula forming the lateral wall of the socket, and the medial malleolus of the tibia forming the medial wall of the socket. the roof of the socket is formed by the inferior surface of the tibia
what’s the knee joint
a synovial bicondylar hinge joint between the condyles of the femur and condyles of the tibia, and the patella, anteriorly.
what joints are all contained within the same synovial joint
2 tibiofemoral joints and a patellofemoral joint
knee articular capsule
is a ligamentous cylindrical sheath, deficient anteriorly where the patella sits. Think of it as a sock connecting the tibia and femur
movements of knee joint
flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation
knee ligaments
anterior and posterior cruciate ligament, medial and lateral collateral ligament, oblique and arcuate popliteal ligament, ligaments patellae
anterior cruciate ligament
Origin - Anterolateral aspect of the tibia anterior to the tibial spines
Insertion - Posterior part of the medial surface of the
lateral femoral condyle
Limits - Limit anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
posterior cruciate ligament
Origin - A depression in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibial plateaux
Insertion - Lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
Limits - Limit posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
medial collateral ligament
Origin - Medial Condyle of the femur
Insertion - Medial condyle of the tibia
Limits - Limits valgus forces of the knee
lateral collateral ligament
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion - Lateral surface of the head of the Fibula
Limits - Limits varus forces of the knee
oblique popliteal ligament
expansion of the semimembranosus tendon, passing upwards and laterally to the intercondylar line of the femur
arcuate popliteal ligament
passes in 2 bands from the head of the fibula, one part to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia, the other to the back of the lateral femoral condyle
ligamentum patellae
the quadriceps tendon attaching into the tibial tuberosity
ankle joint capsule
It completely surrounds the joint, attaching above to the articular margins of the tibia and fibula, and
below to the articular margins of the talus, except anteriorly where it attaches to the neck of the talus.
what’s the ankle joint
It is a synovial hinge joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the body of the talus
ankle ligament parts
lateral ligament, deltoid ligament deep parts, deltoid ligament superficial parts, anterior ligament, posterior ligament
lateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
deltoid ligament deep parts
Anterior tibiotalar band
Posterior tibiotalar band
deltoid ligament superficial parts
Tibionavicular band
Tibiocalcaneal band
anterior ligament
Origin - Anterior margin of lower end of tibia.
Insertion - Anterior part of neck of talus.
Limits - Resists the forward displacement of the foot.
posterior ligament
Origin - Posterior aspects of tibia and fibula.
Insertion - Medial tubercle of posterior surface of the talus.
Limits - Resists the backward displacement of the foot.
anterior talofibular ligament
Origin - Tip of lateral malleolus
Insertion - Neck of the talus
Limits - Resists forward displacement of the foot.
posterior talofibular ligament
Origin - Tip of lateral malleolus
Insertion - Lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus.
Limits - Resists inversion forces – and resists backwards displacement of foot.
