Lower limb muscles Flashcards
Gluteus maximus - Attachments
PA: Ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum & coccyx
DA: iliotibial tract, some fibres gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus maximus - N/S & Action
N/S - inferior gluteal nerve
A - extend hip joint, assists external rotation of hip
Gluteus medius - Attachments
PA - illium, between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
DA - lateral surface of the greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus medius - N/S & Action
N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Gluteus minimus - Attachments
PA - ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
DA - anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus minimus - N/S & Action
N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Tensor Fascia Lata - Attachments
PA - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
DA - iliotibial tract, which then attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of tibia
Tensor Fascia Lata - N/S & Action
N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint
Piriformis - Attachments
PA - anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
DA - superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Piriformis - N/S & Action
N/S - nerve to piriformis
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint
Obturator Internus - Attachments
PA - internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
DA - trochanteric fossa of femur
Obturator Internus - N/S & Action
N/S - nerve to obturator internus
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint
Superior Gemellus - Attachments
PA - Ischial spine
DA - Trochanteric fossa of femur
Superior Gemellus - N/S & Action
N/S - nerve to obturator internus
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint
Inferior Gemellus - Attachments
PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - trochanteric fossa of femur
Inferior Gemellus - N/S & Action
N/S - nerve to quadratus femoris
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint
Quadratus Femoris - Attachments
PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - Quadrate tubercle of the femur
Quadratus Femoris - N/S & Action
N/S - nerve to quadratus femoris
A - externally rotate hip joint, stabilise hip joint
Pectineus - Attachments
PA - superior ramus of pubis
DA - pectineal line of femur
Pectineus - N/S & Action
N/S - femoral nerve
A - adduct and flex hip joint
Psoas Major - Attachments
PA - sides and transverse process of T12-L4 vertebrae and discs between them
DA - lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas Major - N/S & Action
N/S - anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3
A - flexion and external rotation of hip joint, stabilises hip joint when standing, flex and side bend trunk
Iliacus - Attachments
PA - iliac crest and fossa, sacral ala
DA - lesser trochanter of femur
Iliacus - N/S & Action
N/S - femoral nerve
A - flexion and external rotation of hip joint, stabilises hip joint when standing
Sartorius - Attachments
PA - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia
Sartorius - N/S & Action
N/S - femoral nerve
A - flexion, abduction, external rotation of hip joint, flexion and internal rotation of knee joint
Quadriceps femoris (Rectus femoris) - Attachments
PA - AIIS
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris (Vastus lateralis) - Attachments
PA - greater trochanter & lateral lip linea aspera
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity, into tibia via lateral patellar retinacula
Quadriceps femoris (Vastus medialis) - Attachments
PA - intertocheranteric line & medial lip of linea aspera
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity, into tibia via medial patellar retinacula
Quadriceps femoris (Vastus intermedius) - Attachments
PA - anterior & lateral aspect of shaft of femur
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris - N/S & Action
N/S - femoral nerve
A - extend knee joint, rectus femoris can also flex hip joint
Adductor Longus - Attachment
PA - Body of pubis
DA - middle third of linea aspera of femur
Adductor longus - N/S & Action
N/S - obturator nerve
A - adducts hip joint
Adductor brevis - attachments
PA - body and inferior ramus of pubis
DA - pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Adductor brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - Obturator nerve
A - adduct and flex hip joint
Adductor Magnus (adductor part) - Attachments
PA - Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
DA - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line of femur
Adductor Magnus (adductor part) - N/S & Action
N/S - obturator nerve
A - adduct & flex hip joint
Adductor Magnus (hamstring part) - Attachments
PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - adductor tubercle of the femur
Adductor Magnus (hamstring part) - N/S & Action
N/S - tibial divison of the sciatic nerve
A - addcut & extend hip joint
Gracilis - Attachments
PA - body and inferior ramus of pubis
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia
Gracilis - N/S & Action
N/S - obturator nerve
A - Adduct hip joint, flex and internally rotate knee joint
Obturator externus - Attachments
PA - external surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
DA - trochanteric fossa
Obturator externus - N/S & Action
N/S - Obturator nerve
A - external rotation of hip joint, stabilizes hip joint
Semitendinosus - Attachments
PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia
Semitendinosus - N/S & Action
N/S - tibial division of sciatic nerve
A - extend hip joint, flex & internally rotate knee joint
Semimembranosus - Attachments
PA - ischial tuberosity
DA - posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament
Semimembranosus - N/S & Action
N/S - tibial division of sciatic nerve
A - extend hip joint, flex & internally rotate knee joint
Biceps femoris - Attachments
PA - long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
DA - head of fibula
Biceps femoris - N/S & Action
N/S - long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve; short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
A - flex and externally rotate knee joint, long head can also extend hip joint
Tibialis Anterior - Attachments
PA - Lateral condyle and superior half of the lateral surface of the tibia
DA - Inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base 1st metatarsal
Tibialis Anterior - N/S & Action
N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Dorsiflex ankle joint & invert subtalar joint
Extensor Digitorum Longus - Attachments
PA- Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
DA- Middle & distal phalanges lateral 4 digits
Extensor Digitorum Longus - N/S & Action
N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A - extend lateral 4 digits and dorsiflex ankle joint
Extensor Hallucis Longus - Attachments
PA- Fibula and interosseous membrane
DA- Dorsal surface of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Extensor Hallucis Longus - N/S & Action
N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Extend great toe and dorsiflex ankle joint
Fibularis Tertius - Attachments
PA- Inferior third of fibula and interosseous membrane
DA- Base of the 5th metatarsal
Fibularis Tertius - N/S & Action
N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Dorsiflex ankle joint and evert subtalar joint
Fibularis Longus - Attachments
PA- Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
DA- Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Fibularis Longus - N/S & Action
N/S- Superficial fibular nerve
A- Evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle joint
Fibularis Brevis - Attachments
PA- Inferior two thirds of the lateral surface of fibula
DA- Tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S- Superficial fibular nerve
A- Evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle joint
Gastrocnemius - Attachments
PA- Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: superior to medial condyle of femur
DA- Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Gastrocnemius - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint (particularly when knee is extended). Flex knee joint
Soleus - Attachments
PA- Head & posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and medial border of tibia, (tendinous arch extends between bony attachments)
DA- Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Soleus - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint
Plantaris - Attachments
PA- Lateral supracondylar line of femur
DA- Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Plantaris - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Weak plantarflexion of ankle joint
Popliteus - Attachments
PA- Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
DA- Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to soleal line
Popliteus - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Weak flexion of knee joint. Unlocks knee by externally rotating femur (closed chain) OR internally rotating tibia (open chain)
Tibialis posterior - Attachments
PA- Posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, interosseous membrane, posterior surface of fibula
DA- Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus, bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
Tibialis posterior - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint and invert subtalar joint
Flexor digitorum longus - Attachments
PA- Posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
DA- Distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Flexor digitorum longus - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Flex lateral 4 digits, plantarflex ankle joint, support longitudinal arches of the foot
Flexor hallucis longus - Attachments
PA- Posterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
DA- Plantar surface of distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)
Flexor hallucis longus - N/S & Action
N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Flex great toe, weak plantarflexion of ankle joint, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Adductor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - medial plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex 1st digit
Flexor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - medial plantar nerve
Action - flex 1st digit
Adductor Hallucis - N/S & Action
N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Adduct 1st digit, support transverse foot arch
Abductor Digiti Minimi - N/S & Action
N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex 5th digit
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Flex 5th digit
Flexor Digitorum Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - medial plantar nerve
A - Flex digits 2-5
Quadratus plantae - N/S & Action
N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Assists flexor digitorum longus to flex digits 2-5
Plantar Interossei - N/S & Action
N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Adduct and flex digits 3-5 at metatarsophalangeal joints
Dorsal Interossei - N/S & Action
N/S - Lateral plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex digits 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal joints
Extensor Digitorum Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - deep fibular nerve
A - extend digits 2-5
Extensor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action
N/S - deep fibular nerve
A - extend great toe
Lumbricals (4 of them)
N/S - medial one: medial plantar nerve; lateral three: lateral plantar nerve
A - flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
