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First Year Osteopathy > Lower limb muscles > Flashcards

Lower limb muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus maximus - Attachments

A

PA: Ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum & coccyx
DA: iliotibial tract, some fibres gluteal tuberosity of femur

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2
Q

Gluteus maximus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - inferior gluteal nerve
A - extend hip joint, assists external rotation of hip

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3
Q

Gluteus medius - Attachments

A

PA - illium, between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
DA - lateral surface of the greater trochanter of femur

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4
Q

Gluteus medius - N/S & Action

A

N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing

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5
Q

Gluteus minimus - Attachments

A

PA - ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
DA - anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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6
Q

Gluteus minimus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing

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7
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata - Attachments

A

PA - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
DA - iliotibial tract, which then attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of tibia

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8
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata - N/S & Action

A

N/S - superior gluteal nerve
A - abduct and internally rotate hip joint

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9
Q

Piriformis - Attachments

A

PA - anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
DA - superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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10
Q

Piriformis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - nerve to piriformis
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint

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11
Q

Obturator Internus - Attachments

A

PA - internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
DA - trochanteric fossa of femur

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12
Q

Obturator Internus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - nerve to obturator internus
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint

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13
Q

Superior Gemellus - Attachments

A

PA - Ischial spine
DA - Trochanteric fossa of femur

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14
Q

Superior Gemellus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - nerve to obturator internus
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint

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15
Q

Inferior Gemellus - Attachments

A

PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - trochanteric fossa of femur

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16
Q

Inferior Gemellus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - nerve to quadratus femoris
A - externally rotate an extended hip joint, abduct a flexed hip joint, stabilise hip joint

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17
Q

Quadratus Femoris - Attachments

A

PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - Quadrate tubercle of the femur

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18
Q

Quadratus Femoris - N/S & Action

A

N/S - nerve to quadratus femoris
A - externally rotate hip joint, stabilise hip joint

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19
Q

Pectineus - Attachments

A

PA - superior ramus of pubis
DA - pectineal line of femur

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20
Q

Pectineus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - femoral nerve
A - adduct and flex hip joint

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21
Q

Psoas Major - Attachments

A

PA - sides and transverse process of T12-L4 vertebrae and discs between them
DA - lesser trochanter of femur

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22
Q

Psoas Major - N/S & Action

A

N/S - anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3
A - flexion and external rotation of hip joint, stabilises hip joint when standing, flex and side bend trunk

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23
Q

Iliacus - Attachments

A

PA - iliac crest and fossa, sacral ala
DA - lesser trochanter of femur

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24
Q

Iliacus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - femoral nerve
A - flexion and external rotation of hip joint, stabilises hip joint when standing

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25
Q

Sartorius - Attachments

A

PA - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia

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26
Q

Sartorius - N/S & Action

A

N/S - femoral nerve
A - flexion, abduction, external rotation of hip joint, flexion and internal rotation of knee joint

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27
Q

Quadriceps femoris (Rectus femoris) - Attachments

A

PA - AIIS
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity

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28
Q

Quadriceps femoris (Vastus lateralis) - Attachments

A

PA - greater trochanter & lateral lip linea aspera
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity, into tibia via lateral patellar retinacula

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29
Q

Quadriceps femoris (Vastus medialis) - Attachments

A

PA - intertocheranteric line & medial lip of linea aspera
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity, into tibia via medial patellar retinacula

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30
Q

Quadriceps femoris (Vastus intermedius) - Attachments

A

PA - anterior & lateral aspect of shaft of femur
DA - via quadriceps tendon to base of patella, then via patellar tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity

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31
Q

Quadriceps femoris - N/S & Action

A

N/S - femoral nerve
A - extend knee joint, rectus femoris can also flex hip joint

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32
Q

Adductor Longus - Attachment

A

PA - Body of pubis
DA - middle third of linea aspera of femur

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33
Q

Adductor longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - obturator nerve
A - adducts hip joint

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34
Q

Adductor brevis - attachments

A

PA - body and inferior ramus of pubis
DA - pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

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35
Q

Adductor brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - Obturator nerve
A - adduct and flex hip joint

36
Q

Adductor Magnus (adductor part) - Attachments

A

PA - Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
DA - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line of femur

37
Q

Adductor Magnus (adductor part) - N/S & Action

A

N/S - obturator nerve
A - adduct & flex hip joint

38
Q

Adductor Magnus (hamstring part) - Attachments

A

PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - adductor tubercle of the femur

39
Q

Adductor Magnus (hamstring part) - N/S & Action

A

N/S - tibial divison of the sciatic nerve
A - addcut & extend hip joint

40
Q

Gracilis - Attachments

A

PA - body and inferior ramus of pubis
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia

41
Q

Gracilis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - obturator nerve
A - Adduct hip joint, flex and internally rotate knee joint

42
Q

Obturator externus - Attachments

A

PA - external surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
DA - trochanteric fossa

43
Q

Obturator externus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - Obturator nerve
A - external rotation of hip joint, stabilizes hip joint

44
Q

Semitendinosus - Attachments

A

PA - Ischial tuberosity
DA - superior part of medial surface of tibia

45
Q

Semitendinosus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - tibial division of sciatic nerve
A - extend hip joint, flex & internally rotate knee joint

46
Q

Semimembranosus - Attachments

A

PA - ischial tuberosity
DA - posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament

47
Q

Semimembranosus - N/S & Action

A

N/S - tibial division of sciatic nerve
A - extend hip joint, flex & internally rotate knee joint

48
Q

Biceps femoris - Attachments

A

PA - long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
DA - head of fibula

49
Q

Biceps femoris - N/S & Action

A

N/S - long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve; short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
A - flex and externally rotate knee joint, long head can also extend hip joint

50
Q

Tibialis Anterior - Attachments

A

PA - Lateral condyle and superior half of the lateral surface of the tibia
DA - Inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base 1st metatarsal

51
Q

Tibialis Anterior - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Dorsiflex ankle joint & invert subtalar joint

52
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus - Attachments

A

PA- Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
DA- Middle & distal phalanges lateral 4 digits

53
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A - extend lateral 4 digits and dorsiflex ankle joint

54
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus - Attachments

A

PA- Fibula and interosseous membrane
DA- Dorsal surface of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

55
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Extend great toe and dorsiflex ankle joint

56
Q

Fibularis Tertius - Attachments

A

PA- Inferior third of fibula and interosseous membrane
DA- Base of the 5th metatarsal

57
Q

Fibularis Tertius - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Deep fibular nerve
A- Dorsiflex ankle joint and evert subtalar joint

58
Q

Fibularis Longus - Attachments

A

PA- Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
DA- Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

59
Q

Fibularis Longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Superficial fibular nerve
A- Evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle joint

60
Q

Fibularis Brevis - Attachments

A

PA- Inferior two thirds of the lateral surface of fibula
DA- Tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal

61
Q

Fibularis Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Superficial fibular nerve
A- Evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle joint

62
Q

Gastrocnemius - Attachments

A

PA- Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: superior to medial condyle of femur
DA- Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

63
Q

Gastrocnemius - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint (particularly when knee is extended). Flex knee joint

64
Q

Soleus - Attachments

A

PA- Head & posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and medial border of tibia, (tendinous arch extends between bony attachments)
DA- Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

65
Q

Soleus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint

66
Q

Plantaris - Attachments

A

PA- Lateral supracondylar line of femur
DA- Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

67
Q

Plantaris - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Weak plantarflexion of ankle joint

68
Q

Popliteus - Attachments

A

PA- Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
DA- Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to soleal line

69
Q

Popliteus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Weak flexion of knee joint. Unlocks knee by externally rotating femur (closed chain) OR internally rotating tibia (open chain)

70
Q

Tibialis posterior - Attachments

A

PA- Posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, interosseous membrane, posterior surface of fibula
DA- Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus, bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals

71
Q

Tibialis posterior - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Plantarflex ankle joint and invert subtalar joint

72
Q

Flexor digitorum longus - Attachments

A

PA- Posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
DA- Distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

73
Q

Flexor digitorum longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Flex lateral 4 digits, plantarflex ankle joint, support longitudinal arches of the foot

74
Q

Flexor hallucis longus - Attachments

A

PA- Posterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
DA- Plantar surface of distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)

75
Q

Flexor hallucis longus - N/S & Action

A

N/S- Tibial nerve
A- Flex great toe, weak plantarflexion of ankle joint, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

76
Q

Adductor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - medial plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex 1st digit

77
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - medial plantar nerve
Action - flex 1st digit

78
Q

Adductor Hallucis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Adduct 1st digit, support transverse foot arch

79
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi - N/S & Action

A

N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex 5th digit

80
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Flex 5th digit

81
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - medial plantar nerve
A - Flex digits 2-5

82
Q

Quadratus plantae - N/S & Action

A

N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Assists flexor digitorum longus to flex digits 2-5

83
Q

Plantar Interossei - N/S & Action

A

N/S - lateral plantar nerve
A - Adduct and flex digits 3-5 at metatarsophalangeal joints

84
Q

Dorsal Interossei - N/S & Action

A

N/S - Lateral plantar nerve
A - Abduct and flex digits 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal joints

85
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - deep fibular nerve
A - extend digits 2-5

86
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis - N/S & Action

A

N/S - deep fibular nerve
A - extend great toe

87
Q

Lumbricals (4 of them)

A

N/S - medial one: medial plantar nerve; lateral three: lateral plantar nerve
A - flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

First Year Osteopathy (8 decks)

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