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First Year Osteopathy > Lower Body Ligaments, Bursa, and Joints > Flashcards

Lower Body Ligaments, Bursa, and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Trochanteric Bursa

A

Between glute max fibres and the greater trochanter

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2
Q

Ischial Bursa

A

Between inferior part of glute max and the ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

From ASIS to pubic tubercle
Formed by the inferior margin of abdominal muscles
A thickened fibrous band or ‘retinaculum’)

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4
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

B/w the auricular surfaces and tuber-sixties of the sacrum and ilium

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5
Q

What classification is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Compound (combination of two)
- Plane (synovial); b/w auricular surfaces
- Syndesmosis (fibrous joint); b/w tuberosities

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6
Q

What movement does the sacroiliac joint have?

A

Slight gliding movements (shearing)
Slight rotary movements resulting in:
- Nutation
- Counternutation
Amount of movement limited by interlocking joint surfaces and strong surrounding ligaments

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7
Q

What ligaments are involved in the sacroiliac joint?

A

Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament

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8
Q

Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

A

Approx 10cm of dense regular connective tissue between tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium

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9
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament

A

From posterior ilium, sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

Sacrospinous Ligament

A

From lateral sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine

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11
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

B/w symphyseal surfaces of the bodies of the two pubic bones

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12
Q

What classification is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous
- Contains a fibrocartilaginous disc often thicker in women than men

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13
Q

What ligaments are involved in the pubic symphysis joint?

A

Superior pubic ligament
Inferior pubic ligament
Tendons of the abdominal muscles strengthen joint anteriorly

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14
Q

Which ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament

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15
Q

Which 3 ligaments make up the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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16
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament

A

Y-shaped ligament
Restricts hyperextension
PA: ilium part of acetabular rim
DA: intertrochanteric line

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17
Q

Pubofemoral Ligament

A

Reinforces the capsule inferiorly and anteriorly
Restricts abduction and hyperextension of the hip
PA: pubic bone
DA: blends with the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament

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18
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A

Reinforces the capsule posteriorly, spirals up and over the femoral neck
Restricts hyperextension of the hip joint
PA: ischial part of the acetabular rim
DA: medial to the base of the greater trochanter

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19
Q

Hip Joint Blood supply

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Artery to the head of the femur (travels via ligament of head of femur to fovea of femoral head)

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20
Q

Hip Joint - Innervation

A

Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve, Superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

Hip Joint Movements

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
external/internal rotation

22
Q

Compare the ROM available at your GH joint to your hip joint. Which has greater ROM and why?

A

GH ROM is greater as the Hip joint has more ligaments

Iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament

23
Q

Which direction of movement does each of the hip ligaments prevent?

A

hyperextension

24
Q

What is the benefit of relying on hip ligaments for postural support?

A

Provides stability without the excessive use of muscles

25
Q

Which collateral ligaments are in the knee?

A

lateral and medial collateral ligament

26
Q

Which cruciate ligaments are in the knee?

A

anterior and posterior ligament

27
Q

Collateral ligaments of knee - basics

A
  • external knee ligamnets
  • become taught when knee is fully extended
  • become slack when knee flexed
  • limit medial & lateral movement of knee
28
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

ACL, PCL
within intercondylar area of femur
poor blood supply = poor healing
Cross over each other obliquely
- Wind around each other during medial
rotation of the tibia: limiting it to 10
degrees
- They unwind during lateral rotation,
therefore greater range of motion can
occur: 60 degrees lateral rotation

29
Q

Menisci

A
  • crescent-shaped plates of fibrocartilage
  • located on superior articular surface of tibia
  • wedge shaped: thicker at outside margin, thinner the middle
  • several ligamentous attachments to tibia
30
Q

Lateral Meniscus

A
  • Circular (almost)
  • smaller than the medial meniscus, more mobile
  • separated from LCL by popliteus tendon
  • less likely to get damaged
31
Q

Medial Meniscus

A
  • C-shaped
  • firmly attached to MCL
  • well fixed, less mobile than lateral meniscus
  • attachment to MCL and reduced mobility results in more likely to get damaged
32
Q

Menisci - Function

A

They deepen the tibial surface, therefore increase knee joint congruence
- Reduce friction in the joint
- Act as a shock absorber
- Distribute force between the bony surfaces

33
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament

A
  • fibular collateral ligament
  • cord like, very strong
  • from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the fibular head
  • popliteus tendon runs deep to this ligament, separates it from the lateral meniscus
34
Q

medial collateral ligament

A
  • tibial collateral ligament
  • strong, flat, a thickening of fibrous capsule
  • from medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
  • attached to medial meniscus
  • weaker than the lateral collateral ligament (more often damaged)
35
Q

Patellar tendon

A
  • continuation of quadriceps tendon from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
  • known as patella ligament, may be included in external knee ligaments
36
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • weaker than PCL
  • most common cruciate ligament injured
  • injured during hyperextension
  • arises from anterior intercondylar area of tibia
  • passes posteriorly, superiorly and laterally
  • attaches to posterior part of medial side of lateral femoral condyle
37
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
38
Q

Suprapatellar bursa

A

extends 5cm superior to the patella. Continuous with
synovial capsule

39
Q

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

A

b/w skin & patella

40
Q

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

A

b/w skin & tibial tuberosity

41
Q

Deep Infrapatellar bursa

A

b/w patella tendon and anterior tibia

42
Q

Infrapatellar fat pat

A

Collection of fat cells located posterior to patellar tendon and anterior to the capsule
◆ Highly innervated – can be a source of knee pain
◆ Fat pad injury can occur due to repetitive microtrauma or acute impingement

43
Q

Extensor retinacula

A
  • holds down the anterior compartment tendons
  • superior extensor retinaculum
  • inferior extensor retinaculum
44
Q

Fibular Retinacula

A
  • holds down the tendons of the lateral compartment
  • superior fibular retinaculum
  • inferior fibular retinaculum
45
Q

Knee Joint - Capsule

A

Fibrous Capsule
- thin and incomplete in areas
- thickened, where intrinsic ligaments occur
Synovial capsule
- lines all surfaces of the articular cavity that are not covered with cartilage

46
Q

Knee Joint - Type

A
  • modified hinge type synovial joint
  • 2 degrees of freedom
47
Q

Knee joint - Articulations

A
  • femorotibial articulation
  • patellofemoral articulation
48
Q

Superior Tibiofibular joint - Type, Joint surfaces, Movement, Ligaments

A
  • plane synovial joint
  • articular facet for tibia on head of the fibula & fibular articular facet on the lateral tibial condyle
  • slight gliding of fibula on tibia during dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Anterior ligament of fibular head
  • Posterior ligament of fibular head
49
Q

Inferior Tibiofibular joint - Type, Joint surfaces, Movement

A
  • fibrous joint
  • medial surface of inferior end of fibula
  • fibular notch of tibia
  • built for stability, only slight movement during dorsiflexion of ankle
50
Q

Inferior Tibiofibular joint - Ligaments

A
  • Interosseus ligament (continuation of interosseus membrane, found deep between the bones)
  • Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
  • Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
  • inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament (forms thw posterior wall of the socket for the talus helping form the ankle joint)
51
Q

Talocrual ankle joint - movements

A

Sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis movement
◆ Dorsiflexion
◆ Plantarflexion

52
Q

Subtalar joint - movements

A

Frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis movement
◆ Inversion
◆ Eversion

First Year Osteopathy (8 decks)

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