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MRCS part A > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

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2
Q

What 4 main muscles of the posterior thigh are innervated by the sciatic nerve?

A

1- Semitendinosus
2- Semimembranosus
3- Biceps femoris
4- Part of adductor Magnus

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3
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve terminate and what does it divide into?

A

Terminates at the Upper Part of the Popliteal Fossa

Divides into:
- Tibial nerve
- Peroneal nerves

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4
Q

What is the path of the sciatic nerve from the sacral plexus?

A
  1. Ventral rami converge at INFERIOR BORDER OF PIRIFORMIS
  2. Passes through Inferior part of the GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN and emerges beneath piriformis
  3. Runs Inferolaterally under the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (midway between the Greater Trochanter and Ischial Tuberosity)
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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the sciatic nerve?

A

Inferior Gluteal Artery

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6
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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7
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Iliacus
  • Tensor fasciae latae
  • Sartorius
  • Quadriceps femoris
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8
Q

What is the nerve and arterial supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Nerve: Obturator nerve
Supply: - Profunda femoris
- Obturator artery

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9
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Adductor longus/Magnus/brevis
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator externus
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10
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Semimembranous
  • Semitendinosus
  • Biceps femoris
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11
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Branches of the Profunda femoris artery

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12
Q

What muscles are innervated by the Deep Peroneal Nerve?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
    -Peroneus tertius
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13
Q

What comprises the deep and superificial compartments of the posterior lower leg?

A

Deep:
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitalis longus
- Tibialis posterior
- Popliteus

Superficial:
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris

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14
Q

What is the nerve and arterial supply of the lateral compartment of the lower leg and what 2 muscles makes up this compartment?

A

Nerve: Superficial Peroneal nerve
Artery: Peroneal artery

Muscles: Peroneus longus and brevis

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15
Q

What is the blood supply of the neck of femur and femoral head of the hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral Circumflex femoral arteries

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16
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the anterior and lateral aspect of the thigh?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

17
Q

What is the route of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

1- Emerges from the lateral border of the Psoas Major, anterior to the Iliac Crest

2- Passes between the iliacus and iliac fascia

3- Enters thigh posterior to the lateral end of inguinal ligament and medial to the ASIS

18
Q

Which nerve roots are associated with the ankle reflex?

A

S1 and S2

19
Q

What structure attaches periosteum to bone?

A

Sharpey’s fibres

20
Q

What does the Superior Gluteal Nerve innervate and what are its nerve roots?

A

L4, L5, S1

  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimis
  • Tensor fascia lata
21
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

22
Q

What clinical symptom occurs after damage to the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Trendelenberg gait

23
Q

What 4 muscles make up the deep lateral hip rotators?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Gemeli
  • Obturator internus
  • Quadratus femoris
24
Q

What is the Adductor canal compression syndrome?

A

Commonly presents in young males. Presents with symptoms of acute limb ischaemia on exertion.

Caused by compression of Femoral Artery by musculotendinous band from Adductor Magnus muscle

Popliteal pulse present on knee extension

25
Q

What are the borders and contents of the adductor canal?

A

Laterally: Vastus medialis (saphenous nerve)

Posteriorly: Adductor longus, Adductor magnus (Superficial femoral artery)

Roof: Sartorius (Superficial femoral vein)

26
Q

What are nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

27
Q

What is the femoral nerve supply?
MISVQ Scan for PE

A
  • Medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Vastus
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Sartorius
  • PEctineus
28
Q

What are the boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa?

A
  • Laterally: Biceps femoris, lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • Medially: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and medial head of gastrocnemius
  • Floor: Popliteal surface of femur
  • Roof: Superficial and deep fascia
29
Q

What structures are present in the Popliteal fossa?

A

Deep to Superficial

  • Popliteal artery and vein
  • Small saphenous vein
  • CPN
  • Tibial nerve
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve
  • Genicular branch of the Obturator nerve
  • Lymph nodes
30
Q

What are the structures that pass posterior to the medial malleolus?

Tom Dick And Nervous Harry

A

Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor Digitorum longus
Artery (posterior tibial artery)
Nerve (Tibial nerve)
Hallucis longus

31
Q

What is the path of the Obturator nerve across the pelvis?

A
  • Descend vertically in the posterior part of the Psoas major
  • Emerges from medial border at lateral margin of Sacrum
  • Crosses the sacroiliac joint to enter lesser pelvis and the nerve lies lateral to the Internal iliac vessels and ureter
  • Joined by Obturator vessels lateral to the Ovary and Ductus deferens
32
Q

What are the Lateral hip rotators?

P-GO-GO-Q

A

Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris

33
Q

What structure separates the PCL from the popliteal artery?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

34
Q

What 2 structures pass posterior to the lateral malleolus and superficial to the superior peroneal retinaculum?

A
  • Sural nerve
  • Short saphenous vein
35
Q

What 2 structures pass posterior to the lateral malleolus and deep to the superior peroneal retinaculum?

A
  • Peroneus longus tendon
  • Peroneus brevis tendon

MRCS part A (9 decks)

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