lower limb

Question 1

great saphenous vein is ___

Answer 1

in front of medial malleolus

Question 2

short saphenous veins is

Answer 2

behind lateral malleoulus

Question 3

ankle joint stability when the foot is dorsiflexed?

Answer 3

the joint is VERY STABLE:

widest part of trochlea comis into contact with the malleoli

(trochlea of hte talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly)

Question 4

strongest ligament in the ankle

Answer 4

deltoid ligament on the medial side

Forced EVERSION overstretches this ligament >> may result in fractures of TALUS or MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

Question 5

the only ankle ligaent not at rick in forced inversion?

Answer 5

POSTERIOR TALOFIBULAR

Question 6

forced eversion vs inversion

Answer 6

Inversion is more common

in inversion anterior talofibular & calcaneofibular ligaments are at risk

in eversion deltoid ligament >> medial malleolus may fracture

Question 7

arches of foot

Answer 7

foot has 3 arches

1. Medial longitudinal arch: highest, most importan, consists of :
2. talus
3. calcaneus
4. navicular
5. cuneiforms
6. 1-3 metatarsals
7. Lateral longitudinal arch composed of:
8. calcaneus
9. cuboid
10. 1-5 metatarsal bases
11. Transverse arch composed of:
12. cuneiforms
13. cuboid
14. 1-5 metatarsal bases

In standing ligaments maintain arches but in walking - muscles

Question 8

most important support for the arches

Answer 8

plantar aponeurosis/fascia

Plantar fasciitis: heel pain, mostly in the morning or after rest

worse with prolonged standing

Question 9

spring

long &short plantar

bifurcate

ligaments

Answer 9

bifurcate: from calcaneus to navicular and cuboid laterally on dorsum

spring ligament = calcaneonavicular on the sole of foot

palmtars from calcaneus to metatarsal 1

Question 10

tendons of muscles supporting arches

Answer 10

peroneus longus

tibialis posterior & FHL - medial longitudinal arch

Question 11

sole & dorsum of the foot supplied by

Answer 11

termina lbranches of tibial nerve:

medial (3.5 toes & sole) and lateral plantar nerves

dorsum:

shperficial perooneal nerve with DEEP PERONEAL supplying 1st webspace

lateral margin of foot - sural (S1) nerve

medial foot - spahneous (L4)

Question 12

apart from ligaments, knee is supported by

Answer 12

1. patellar retinaculae
2. pes anserinus
3. biceps femoris tendon
4. popliteus
5. iliotibial band

Question 13

cruciate ligaments

Answer 13

both ar very vascular

posterior cruciate is the only one taut in FLEXION

anterior cruciate (and part of posterior) taut in EXTENSION

Question 14

baker’s cyst

Answer 14

bursa palpable in politeal fossa

Question 15

inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 15

syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

superior is synovial