gait

Question 1

gait terminology

Answer 1

Traditional RLA

1. Heel strike - Initial contact
2. Heel strike to flat foot - Loading response
3. Flat foot to midstance -Midstance
4. Midstance to heel off - Terminal stance
5. Toe off -Preswing
6. Toe off to acceleration - Initial swing
7. Acceleration to midswing- Midswing
8. Midswing to deceleration- Terminal swing

Question 2

body moves fastest

Answer 2

in double support

Question 3

how does trunk twist?

Answer 3

twists about a vertical axis with the pelvis
and shoulder girdle rotating in opposite directions.

The arms swing out of phase with the legs, so that as the left leg and left side of the pelvis move forwards, so do the right arm and right side of the shoulder girdle.

Question 4

Vertical postiion of body during GC

Answer 4

The whole trunk rises and falls twice during the cycle-4

lowest during double support,

highest around mid stance or mid
swing

Total distance about 50mm

Question 5

Pelvic Rotation on the
Transverse Plane

Answer 5

Forward rotation takes place on the side of the swinging extremity with the opposite side acting as the fulcrum. Therotation effectively lengthens the extremity and
therefore reduces the drop in the COG

Question 6

HIP JOINT

Answer 6

Flexes and extends once

The limit of flexion - middle of the swing phase
and the t_high is kept flexed until the beginning of the
stance phase_.

Peak extension- before the end of the stance
phase, after which it begins to flex again.

Question 7

Knee joint

Answer 7

Flexes and extends twice

The knee is fully extended before heel contact,

flexes early in the stance phase and this adjustment again minimises the rise in the COG.

It extends again around the mid stance
phase and then starts flexing again reaching a peak early
in the swing phase.

Finally it extends prior to heel
contact.

Question 8

After heel contact the ankle____

Answer 8

plantarflexes, bringing the foot flat on the
ground and moving into pronation.

The foot would come down much too quickly, in a ‘foot slap’, if this movement is not resisted by the

anterior tibial

muscles, which contract eccentrically to lower the foot gently to the ground.

Question 9

The ankle is within a few degrees of the neutral position___

Answer 9

at the time of heel contact,

the h**eel is slightly inverted ** and
the foot slightly supinated.

Question 10

external forces

Answer 10

inertia, gravity and ground reaction forces.

Question 11

inertial forces

Answer 11

proportional but in the opposite direction to the acceleration

Question 12

up to 4 years

Answer 12

walk on wider base

absence of arm swing

Question 13

until 2 years

Answer 13

no heel contact - flat foot

legs externally rotated during swing

no knee flexion in stance