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Systemic > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic girdle is a bony ring composed of the ________ and ____________

A

Sacrum

Two hip bones (os coxae)

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2
Q

Where the hip bones untie anteriorly at a point called the ______ ________

A

Pubic symphysis

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3
Q

The hip bones unite posteriorly with the sacrum at the _________ ______

A

Sacroiliac joint

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4
Q

Where is the body weight transferred front he vertebral column to the pelvic girdle?

A

The sacroiliac joint

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5
Q

______ ______ carries the body weight from the pelvic girdle to the femurs

A

Hip Joint

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6
Q

Ilium is the largest and superior part of the hip bone, contributes to the superior part of the ____________.

A

Acetabulum

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7
Q

___________ is a socket on the lateral aspect of the hip bone for articulation with the head of th femur

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

What is the iliac crest?

A

The superior border of the ilium ends anteriorly in a blunt anterior superior iliac spine

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9
Q

The ala (wing) is bordered superiorly by the ______ _______

A

Iliac crest

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10
Q

______ joins the pubis and ischium to the acetabulum

A

Body

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11
Q

Bruising of the anterior superior iliac spine and associated soft tissue is on account of the _________ ______

A

Hip pointer

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12
Q

Where is the posterior superior iliac spine located?

A

At the superior end of the posterior iliac crest

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13
Q

_____ ______ is a concavity in the medial surface of the ilium

A

Iliac fossa

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14
Q

What are the ischium surface features?

A

Ischium

Body

Ramos of ischium

Ischiopubic ramus

Ischial spine

Ischia tuberosity

Obturator foramen

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the female pelvis?

A

Shallow false pelvis

Pelvic brim wide and more oval

Acetabulum is small and faces anteriorly

Pubic arch greater than 90 degree angle

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the male pelvis?

A

Deep false pelvis

Pelvic brim narrow and heart shaped

Acetabulum large and faces laterally

Pubic arch less than 90 degree angle

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17
Q

________ ________ is the boundary between the superior and inferior pelvis and also forms the pelvic inlet

A

Pelvic brim

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18
Q

What is the superior to the pelvic brim is referred to as the ________ ________

A

False (greater) pelvis

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the false pelvis?

A

Lumbar vertebrae posteriorly

Upper portions of the hipbones laterally

Abdominal wall anteriorly

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20
Q

_________ _______, inferior o the pelvic brim. It has an inlet, an outlet and a cavity

A

True pelvis

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the true pelvis?

A

Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly

Inferior portions of the ilium and ischium laterally

Pubic bones anteriorly

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22
Q

The pelvic girdle articulate directly with the ________ _____ but pectoral girdle ______ _______

A

Vertebral column but the pectoral girdle does not

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23
Q

The pectoral girdle offers more _________ than ______

The pelvic girdle offers more _______ than _________

A

Pectoral girdle: more mobility than strength

Pelvic girdle: more strength than mobility

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24
Q

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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25
Q

_____ is smoothly rounded except for a prominent doubled edged ridge on its posterior aspect

A

Shaft

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26
Q

The prominent double edged ridge on the posterior aspect of the shaft is called the ________ ______

A

Linea aspera

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27
Q

What does the tibia articulate with?

A

The femoral condyles superiorly

The talus inferiorly

The fibula laterally at its proximal and distal end

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28
Q

The fibula is slender and lies posterolateral to the tibia and serves mainly for __________ _______

A

Muscle attachment

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29
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

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30
Q

What is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

A

Calcaneus

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31
Q

What does the calacaneus articulate with?

A

The talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly

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32
Q

The talus has 3 components, a _____, ______ and _______

A

Head neck and body

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33
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

The tibia and two malleoli

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34
Q

What part of the talus is the superior surface that bears the weight of the body from the tibia?

A

Trochlea of the talus

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35
Q

The head of the talus articulates anteriorly with the ________

A

Navicular

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36
Q

The talus transmits half the body weight to the ______ and the other half to the _________

A

Calcaneus

Tarsals

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37
Q

What are the names of the tarsals (7)?

A

Navicular

Cuboid

Medial cuneiform

Intermediate cuneiform

Lateral cuneiform

Calcaneus

Talus

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38
Q

Where is the soleal line found?

A

Tibia (anterior)

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39
Q

The lower limbs are connected to the trunk by the __________ ________

A

Pelvic girdle

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40
Q

The _____ carries the body weight from the pelvic girdle to the femurs

A

Hip joint

41
Q

The hip bones unite anteriorly at the _______ ______ and unite posteriorly at the ___________ ______

A

Pubic symphysis

Sacroiliac joint

42
Q

______ is a socket on the lateral aspect of the hip bone for articulation with the head of the femur

A

Acetabulum

43
Q

______ is the largest and superior part of the hip bone, contributes to the superior part of the acetabulum

A

Ilium

44
Q

______ _____ is the superior border of the ilium ends anteriorly in a blunt anterior superior _____ spine

A

Iliac crest

Iliac spine

45
Q

______ which is bordered superiorly by the iliac crest

A

Ala (wing)

46
Q

The _____ of the ilium joins the pubis and the ischium to the acetabulum

A

Body

47
Q

______ _______ bruising of the anterior superior superior iliac spine and associated with soft tissues

A

Hip pointer

48
Q

What are the features of the ilum?

A 
Acetabulum 
Iliac crest
Ala
Body
Hip pointer
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine 
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine 
Greater siatic notch 
Iliac fossa
49
Q

_____ _____ is a concavity in the medial surface of the ilium

A

Iliac fossa

50
Q

______ forms the posteroinferior part of the acetabulum and hip bone

A

Ischium

51
Q

The ____ of the ischium is where it joins the ilium and superior ramus of the pubis to form the ischiopubic ramus

A

The ramus of the ischium

52
Q

_______ ______ is prominent spine above the lesser siatic notch

A

Ischial spine

53
Q

______ a rough and thickened portion deep to the skin

A

Ischial tuberosity

54
Q

_______ _______ is surrounded by the ischiopubic rami, nearly completely closed by the fibrous obturator membrane

A

Obturator foramen

55
Q

______ forms the anterior part of the acetabulum and the anteromedial part of the hip bone

A

Pubis

56
Q

The _____ of the pubis articulates with the opposite pubis at the pubic symphysis

A

Body

57
Q

The pubis has two rami _________ and ________

A

Inferior and superior

58
Q

_______ is the anterior, superior border of the body

A

Pubic crest

59
Q

_____ ________ is the joint between the two pubes of the hip bones (cartilaginous joint)

A

Pubic symphysis

60
Q

______ ______ is below the pubic symphysis. The inferior rami of the two pubic bones converge to form this

A

Pubic arch

61
Q

The acetabulum is a deep fossa formed by what 3 bones?

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

62
Q

__________, replacement of the femoral head or the acetabulum by prostheses

A

Hemiarthoplasty

63
Q

The female pelvis has a
_____ false pelvis

Pelvic brim _____ and more _______

Acetabulum is _____ and faces _____

Pubic arch _______ than 90 degree angle

A

Shallow false pelvis

Pelvic brim wide and more oval

Acetabulum is small and faces anteriorly

Pubic Arch greater than 90 degrees

64
Q

Male pelvis has

_____ false pelvis

Pelvic brim ______ and ______ shaped

Acetabulum _____ and faces ______

Pubic arch _______ than 90 degree angle

A

Deep

Narrow and heart shaped

Large and faces laterally

Pubic arch Less than 90 degree angle

65
Q

_____ _____ is the boundary between the superior and inferior pelvis and also forms the pelvic inlet

A

Pelvic brim

66
Q

What are the boundaries of the false pelvis?

A

Lumbar vertebrae posteriorly

Upper portions of the hip bones laterally

Abdominal wall anteriorly

67
Q

______ ______ interior to the pelvic brim. Has an inlet, an outlet and a cavity

A

True pelvis

68
Q

What are the boundaries of the true pelvis?

A

Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly

Inferior portions of the ilium and ischium laterally

Pubic bones anteriorly

69
Q

The ______ girdle articulates directly with the vertebral column but the ______ girdle does not

A

Pelvic

Pectoral

70
Q

_____ girdle offers more mobility than strength

_____ girdle offers more strength than mobility

A

Pectoral

Pelvic

71
Q

The proximal end of the femur has a ______ covered with articular cartilage except for a medially placed depression ______ _______

A

Head

Fovea capitis

72
Q

The proximal end of th femur contains the

A 
Head
Fovea capitis
Neck
Greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric crest 
Gluteal tuberosity
73
Q

The distal end of the femur has

A

Medial and lateral condyles

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Intercondylar fossa

74
Q

The patellar surface features are

A

Base
Apex
Articular surface
Anterior surface

75
Q

The ______ is a large sesamoid bone that is formed within the tendon

A

Patella

76
Q

What joint does the patella form?

A

The patellofemoral joint

77
Q

What are the tibia surface features of the proximal end?

A

Lateral and medial condyles

Tibial tuberosity

78
Q

Tibia surface features of the distal end are

A

Medial malleolus

Fibular notch

79
Q

The ______ ______ articulates with the distal end of the fibula to form the ______ ________ ____

A

Fibular notch

Distal tibiofibular joint

80
Q

______ is slender and lies posterolateral to the tibia and serves mainly for muscle attachment

A

Fibula

81
Q

What are the surface features of the fibula?

A

Head
Proximal tibiofibular joint
Lateral malleolus
Interosseous membrane

82
Q

______________ joint between the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint

83
Q

The shafts of the tibia and fibula are connected by an __________ ________

A

Interosseous membrane

84
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

85
Q

The tarsus consists of _____ bones

A

7

86
Q

What are the 7 bones of the tarsus?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular 
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (Medial, Intermediate, and lateral)
Metatarsals 
Phalanges
87
Q

What si the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

A

Calcaneus

88
Q

What does the calcaneus articulate with?

A

Talus superiorly and cuboid anteriorly

89
Q

The talus has a ______, _____ and ______

A

Head neck and body

90
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

The tibia and two malleoli

91
Q

___________ of the talus is the superior surface bears the weight of the body from the tibia

A

Trochlea

92
Q

Head of the talus articulates anteriorly with the _______

A

Navicular

93
Q

The talus transmits half of the body weight to the _______ and the other half to the ____________

A

Calcaneus

Other tarsals

94
Q

______ is a boat shaped bone located between the Talar head and the cuneiforms

A

Navicular

95
Q

________ is the most lateral bone in the distal row of the tarsus

A

Cuboid

96
Q

Each cuneiform articulates with _________ posteriorly and the base of the ________ anteriorly

A

Navicular

Metatarsals

97
Q

What consists of the forefoot?

A

Anterior to the tarsometatarsal joints

Includes phalanges and metatarsals

98
Q

What consists of the midfoot?

A

Between tarsometatarsal and transverse tarsal joints

Includes the cuboid, cuneiforms, and navicular bones

99
Q

What consists of the hind foot?

A

Includes the talus and calcaneus bones

Posterior to the transverse tarsal joint

Systemic (6 decks)

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