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Systemic > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for a joint? And what is the definition of a joint?

A

Articulation

Where two or more bones are joined together by connective tissue

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2
Q

An immovable joint is called _____________

A

Synarthrosis

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3
Q

A slightly movable joint is called __________

A

Amphiarthrosis

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4
Q

A freely moveable joint is called ________

A

Diarthrosis

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5
Q

What joint is classified by bones connecting via cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) and do not move at all or very slight movement?

A

Cartilaginous joints

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6
Q

What type of joint is classified when bones connect via dense irregular connective tissue and are usually immovable to slightly movable

A

Fibrous joints

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7
Q

What are synovial joints

A

Ned bones involved are enveloped in a joint capsule containing synovial fluid for lubrication

Some have cartilage “meniscus” within the joint

These joints range from slightly moveable to freely moveable

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8
Q

The more stable a joint, the _______ movement it has

The less stable the joint, the ______ movement it has

A

Less

More

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Interosseous membranes (often also considered syndesmosis

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10
Q

Suture are immovable such as ____________ in older people, or slightly moveable such as _________ in infants and children

A

Synarthroses

Amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

What plays an important role in shock absorption in the skull?

A

Sutures

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12
Q

A _______ is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Suture

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13
Q

In _________ there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture and provides slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

A

Syndesmoses

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14
Q

What are examples of a syndesmoses joint

A

Distal tibiofibular joint

Gomphosis (dentoalveolar joint)

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15
Q

________ _________ are a sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

Ex: between radius and ulna or between tibia and fibula

A

Interosseous membrane

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16
Q

What are the two types of cartilagenous joints?

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

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17
Q

__________ is an immovable joint where hyaline cartilage is connecting cartilage between the two articular surfaces

A

Synchondrosis

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18
Q

The epiphyseal (growth) playe that connects the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone and

the joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum

Are examples of what type of cartilaginous joint?

A

Synchondrosis

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19
Q

_________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage BUT a broad, flat disc of FIBROCARTILAGE connects the bones

A

Symphysis

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20
Q

All symphyses occur in the _________ of the body. What are some examples?

A

Midline

Pubic symphysis btwn the hip bones

Btwn the manubrium and body of the sternum

The intervertebral joints

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21
Q

What is the general structure of synovial joints?

A

Articular cartilage (hyaline)

Synovial membrane

Joint capsule

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22
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints and what is the type of cartilage involved?

A

It helps absorb shock and reduces friction between bones during movement

Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones with a smooth,slippery surface but does not bind them together

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23
Q

Explain the synovial membrane in synovial joints

A

The inner layer of the articular capsule

Composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

It includes articular fat pads (pad in the knee)

Secretes synovial fluid

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24
Q

______ surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones

A

Joint capsule

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25
Q

What is a joint capsule composed of

A

Two layers, an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane e

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26
Q

A ______ _______ permits considerable movement at a joint

A

Joint capsule

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27
Q

In the ______ _______ fibers of some fibrous membranes are arranged as parallel bundles of dense regular connective tissue.

The strength of these fiber bundles called ______

A

Joint capsule

Ligament

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28
Q

_____ _________ associated with some synovial joints are crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule such as the knee joint

A

Articular discs (meniscus)

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29
Q

_______ subdivides the synovial cavity into two spaces, allowing separate movements to occur in each space

A

Articular discs (meniscus)

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30
Q

What are the funcitons of the articular discs (menisci)

A

Shock absorption

Providing adaptable surfaces for combined movements

Weight distribution

Distribution of synovial fluid

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31
Q

What connect bone to bone and are associated with some synovial joints

A

Ligaments

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32
Q

___________ are the principal mechanical factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint.

A

Ligaments

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33
Q

Explain sutures

A

Fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Occur between the bones of the skull

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34
Q

Sutures are ________ in older people or ________ in children

A

Synarthroses

Amphiarthrosis

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35
Q

Sutures play what important role in the skull?

A

Shock absorption

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36
Q

In _______ there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture

A

Syndesmoses

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37
Q

Syndesmoses permits slight movement (____________)

A

Amphiarthrosis

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38
Q

___________ _________ sheet of dense irregular tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

A

Interosseous membrane

39
Q

What are examples of syndesmoses?

A

Distal tibiofibular joint and gomphosis

40
Q

Stop letting those people touch that cadavers hand
What is the distal row?
What si the Proximal row?

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

Scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform

41
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondrosis and symphysis

42
Q

Is synchondrosis movable or immovable?

A

Immovable joint

43
Q

What type of cartilage is involved in a synchondrosis? And what are examples of a synchondrosis cartilaginous joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Epiphyseal plate or the first rib and the manubrium

44
Q

________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage but a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones

A

Symphysis

45
Q

All symphyses occur at the _________ of the body

A

Midline

46
Q

What are examples of symphyses

A

Pubic symphysis

Manubrium and body of the sternum and the intervertebral joints

47
Q

What is the general structure of synovial joints?

A 
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
Synovial membrane 
Joint capsule
48
Q

In synovial joints, what is the synovial membrane composed of and what does it secrete and where is it located?

A

Located in the inner layer of the articular capsule

Composed of connective tissue with elastic fibers

Secretes synovial fluid

Includes accumulation of adipose tissue

49
Q

_______ surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones

A

Joint capsule

50
Q

What are the two layers of a joint capsule? And what does a joint capsule permit?

A

Composed of an outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane

Permits considerable movement at a joint

51
Q

other structures associated with some synovial membranes are articular discs, what are articular discs?

A

Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule at the knee joint

52
Q

_________ ________ divide the synovial cavity into two spaces allowing movements to occur in each space

A

Articular discs

53
Q

What are the 4 functions of articular discs?

A

Shock absorption
Providing adaptable surfaces for combined movements
Weight distribution
Distribution of synovial fluid

54
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to bone

55
Q

________ are the principal factors that hold bones close together in a synovial joint

A

Ligaments

56
Q

What are the two types of ligaments?

A

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

57
Q

_________ ligaments are within the articular capsule but outside the synovial cavity

(Ex: anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint)

A

Intracapsular

58
Q

___________ ligaments lie outside the articular capsule such as fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint

A

Extracapsular

59
Q

_________ ______ are tubelike bursae surrounded around tendons that subjected for considerable friction

A

Tendon sheath

60
Q

What is used to alleviate friction in some joints such as the shoulder and the knee?

A

Bursa

61
Q

________ is the synovial membrane and accumulations of adipose tissue in the synovial joints

A

Articular fat pad

62
Q

There are six types of joints based on movements. _________ joints have articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curves and primarily permit back and forth and side to side movements between the surfaces of bones

A

Plane joints

63
Q

Many _______ joints are biaxial and permit movement in two axes

A

Plane joints

64
Q

Some plane joints that are triaxial are?

A

Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints
Sternoclavicualr joints

65
Q

________ joints have convex surface of bone bone fits onto concave surface of another bone

A

Hinge joints

66
Q

_______ joints are unixaial because they only allow motion around a single axis

A

Hinge joints

67
Q

_______ joints permit only flexion and extension

A

Hinge joints

68
Q

Knee, elbow, ankle and interphalangeal joints are examples of ________ joints

A

Hinge

69
Q

_______ joints pointed surface of one bone articualtes with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament

A

Pivot joints

70
Q

Atlanto-axial joints and radioulnar joints are examples of ______ joints

A

Pivot

71
Q

_________ joints, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression of another bone

A

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint

72
Q

Condyloid joints allow ________ movement because it permits movement around 2 axes flexion and extension and adduction Abduction

A

Bixial

73
Q

Radiocarpal (wrist) and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of what joints?

A

Condyloid joints

74
Q

________ joints, one bone shaped like a saddle, the other bone like a rider

A

Saddle joint

75
Q

_______ joints have biaxial movement similar to a condyloid joint where it allows for flexion-extension and adduction-abduction

A

Saddle joints

76
Q

carpmetacarpal joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint

A

Saddle joint

77
Q

__________ joints consist of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of another bone

A

Ball and socket joint `

78
Q

Ball and socket joints allow movement in what three axes?

A

Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotation

79
Q

Shoulder and hip joints are examples of ________ joints

A

Ball and socket

80
Q

What are the 3 axes of movement?

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

81
Q

Uniaxial moves in what directions and what is an example?

A

Moves back and forth in one plane

Example are joints that only do flexion and extension

82
Q

What is biaxial movement?

A

Moves in two plane

Ex: can do flexion and extension and abduction/adduction

83
Q

What is triaxial movement?

A

Moves in all 3 planes can do flexion/extension, Abduction/adduction, and rotation

84
Q

What allows or restricts a particular range of motion?

A

Shape of articulating bones

Ligaments that hold bone together

85
Q

______ joints are two flat surfaces sliding past each other

A

Gliding

86
Q

Flexion- _______ in angle of a joint

Extension _____ in angle of a joint _______

A

Decrease in angle of a joint

Increase in angle of a joint back to anatomical position

87
Q

_________ ______ - flexion in the coronal plane

____________- a continuation of extension or more commonly extreme or abnormal extension or extension injury

A

Lateral flexion

Hyperextension

88
Q

Abduction vs adduction

A

Abduction- movement way from the midline

Adduction- movement toward the midline

89
Q

____________ circular movement

A

Circumduction

90
Q

In ______ a bone revolves along its own longitudinal axis

A

Rotational

91
Q

What is an example of R,L rotation?

A

Atlantoaxial joint

92
Q

Elevation- ________
Depression- ________
Protraction -________
Retraction-_______

A

Upward motion
Downward motion
Jutting forward
Pulling backwards

93
Q

Inversion- _____
Eversion-_______
Supination-________
Pronation-_______

A

Move sole medially
Move sole laterally
Turning palm anteriorly
Turning palm superiorly

94
Q

Dorsi flexion- _________
plantar flexion-________
Opposition-________

A

Flexion at ankle
Extension at ankle
Move thumb across palm

Systemic (6 decks)

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