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Anatomy > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

synovial joints

A

more mobile limb joints enclosed by an articular capsule outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid into the capsule

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2
Q

hip joint

A

ball and socket joint
round head of femur articulates with cup-like acetabulum
surrounded by labrum
Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation

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3
Q

labrum

A

ring of cartilage surrounding the hip joint

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4
Q

knee joint

A

hinge joint
round femoral condyles articulate with flat tibial condyles
only flexion and extension

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5
Q

fibular collateral ligament

A

(LateralCL) extends between lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of the fibula

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6
Q

tibial collateral ligament

A

(MedialCL) extends between the medial epicondyle of the femur to the superior and medial tibia

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7
Q

anterior cruciate ligament

A

runs from the anterior tibia, in-between the condyles to the posteromedial surface of the femoral lateral condyle

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8
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

runs fro the posterior intercondylar tibia to the anterolateral surface of the femoral medial condyle

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9
Q

medial and lateral menisci

A

shallow, cup-like discs, of cartilage, adhering to the flat surfaces of the tibial condyles
shock absorbers
distribute weight across the joint

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10
Q

superior tibiofibular joint

A

where the fibula proximally articulates with the tibia

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11
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint

A

where the fibula distally articulates with with the tibia compound joint held together by anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

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12
Q

ankle joint

A

hinge joint at the junction of the tibia, fibula and talus

allows for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

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13
Q

arches of the feet

A

tarsal and metatarsal bones for two longitudinal arches, and one transverse arch

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14
Q

psoas major: origin

A

bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

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15
Q

psoas major: insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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16
Q

psoas major: action

A

flex thigh

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17
Q

psoas major: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

iliacus: origin

A

iliac fossa

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19
Q

iliacus: insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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20
Q

iliacus: action

A

flex thigh

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21
Q

iliacus: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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22
Q

rectus femoris: origin

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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23
Q

rectus femoris: insertion

A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

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24
Q

rectus femoris: action

A

flex thigh

extend leg

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25
Q

rectus femoris: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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26
Q

vastus lateralis: origin

A

linea aspera

greater trochanter

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27
Q

vastus lateralis: insertion

A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

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28
Q

vastus lateralis: action

A

extend leg

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29
Q

vastus lateralis: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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30
Q

vastus medialis: origin

A

linea aspera

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31
Q

vastus medialis: insertion

A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

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32
Q

vastus medialis: action

A

extend leg

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33
Q

vastus medialis: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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34
Q

vastus intermedius: origin

A

anterior later shaft of femur

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35
Q

vastus intermedius: insertion

A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

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36
Q

vastus intermedius: action

A

extend leg

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37
Q

vastus intermedius: innveration

A

femoral nerve

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38
Q

sartorius: origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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39
Q

sartorius: insertion

A

medial proximal tibia

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40
Q

sartorius: action

A

laterally rotate thigh
flex thigh
flex leg

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41
Q

sartorius: innervation

A

femoral nerve

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42
Q

gluteus maximus: origin

A

posterior ilium and sacrum

sacrotuberous ligament

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43
Q

gluteus maximus: insertion

A

gluteal tuberosity of femur

iliotibial tract

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44
Q

gluteus maximus: action

A

abducts thigh
laterally rotates thigh
extends thigh

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45
Q

gluteus maximus: innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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46
Q

tensor fasciae latae: origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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47
Q

tensor fasciae latae: insertion

A

iliotibial tract

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48
Q

tensor fasciae latae: action

A

abducts thigh
medially rotates thigh
flexes thigh

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49
Q

tensor fasciae latae: innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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50
Q

gluteus medius: origin

A

lateral ilium (superior to minimus)

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51
Q

gluteus medius/minimus: insertion

A

greater trochanter

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52
Q

gluteus medius/minimus: action

A

abduct thigh

medially rotate thigh

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53
Q

gluteus medius/minimus: innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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54
Q

piriformis: origin

A

anterior surface of sacrum

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55
Q

piriformis: insertion

A

greater trochanter

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56
Q

piriformis: action

A

laterally rotates thigh

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57
Q

piriformis: innervation

A

S1-S2 ventral rami

58
Q

semitendonosus: origin

A

ischial tuberosity

59
Q

semitendonosus: insertion

A

medial proximal tibia

60
Q

semitendonosus: action

A

extend thigh

flex leg

61
Q

semitendonosus: innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

62
Q

semimembranosus: origin

A

ischial tuberosity

63
Q

semimembranosus: insertion

A

posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

64
Q

semimembranosus: action

A

extend thigh

flex leg

65
Q

semimembranosus: innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

66
Q

biceps femoris long head: origin

A

ischial tuberosity

67
Q

biceps femoris long head: insertion

A

head of fibula

68
Q

biceps femoris long head: action

A

extend thigh

flex leg

69
Q

biceps femoris short head: origin

A

linea aspera

70
Q

biceps femoris short head: insertion

A

head of fibula

71
Q

biceps femoris short head: action

A

flex leg

72
Q

biceps femoris short head: innervation

A

common fibular division of sciatic nerve

73
Q

pectineus: origin

A

superior pubic ramus

74
Q

pectineus: insertion

A

posterior surface of femur just distal to lesser trochanter

75
Q

pectineus: action

A

adduct thigh

flex thigh

76
Q

pectineus: innervation

A

obturator nerve

77
Q

adductor longus: origin

A

body of pubis

78
Q

adductor longus: insertion

A

linea aspera distal to adductor brevis

79
Q

adductor longus: action

A

adduct thigh

flex thigh

80
Q

adductor longus: innervation

A

obturator nerve

81
Q

adductor brevis: origin

A

body of pubis

inferior pubic ramus

82
Q

adductor brevis: insertion

A

linea aspera proximal to adductor longus

83
Q

adductor brevis: action

A

adduct thigh

flex thigh

84
Q

adductor brevis: innervation

A

obturator nerve

85
Q

gracilis: origin

A

body of pubis

inferior pubic ramus

86
Q

gracilis: insertion

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

87
Q

gracilis: action

A

adduct thigh
flexes thigh
flexes leg

88
Q

gracilis: innervation

A

obturator nerve

89
Q

adductor magnus: origin

A

inferior pubic ramus
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity

90
Q

adductor magnus: insertion

A

adductor tubercle

linea aspera

91
Q

adductor magnus: action

A

adduct thigh

extend thigh

92
Q

adductor magnus: innervation

A

obturator nerve

tibial nerve

93
Q

gastrocnemius: origin

A

posterior surface of lateral and medial epicondyles of femur

94
Q

gastrocnemius: insertion

A

posterior calcaneus via achilles tendon

95
Q

gastrocnemius: action

A

flex leg

plantar flex foot

96
Q

gastrocnemius: innervation

A

tibial nerve

97
Q

plantaris: origin

A

posterior surface of femur proximal to lateral epicondyle

98
Q

plantaris: insertion

A

posterior calcaneus via achilles tendon

99
Q

plantaris: action

A

flex leg

plantar flex foot

100
Q

plantaris: innervation

A

tibial nerve

101
Q

soleus: origin

A

posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula

102
Q

soleus: insertion

A

posterior calcaneus via achilles tendon

103
Q

soleus: action

A

plantar flex foot

104
Q

soleus: innervation

A

tibial nerve

105
Q

flexor hallucis longus: origin

A

posterior surface of distal 2/3 fibula

106
Q

flexor hallucis longus: insertion

A

distal phalanx of hallux

107
Q

flexor hallucis longus: action

A

invert foot
flex hallux
plantar flex foot

108
Q

flexor hallucis longus: innervation

A

tibial nerve

109
Q

flexor digitorum longus: origin

A

posterior surface of middle tibia

110
Q

flexor digitorum longus: insertion

A

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

111
Q

flexor digitorum longus: action

A

flexes digits 2-5
inverts foot
plantar flexes foot

112
Q

flexor digitorum longus: innervation

A

tibial nerve

113
Q

tibialis posterior: origin

A

posterior surface of proximal tibia and fibula and interosseus membrane

114
Q

tibialis posterior: insertion

A

navicular
cuneiforms
metatarsals 2-4

115
Q

tibialis posterior: action

A

inverts foot

plantar flexes foot

116
Q

tibialis posterior: innervation

A

tibial nerve

117
Q

fibularis longus: origin

A

lateral surface of proximal fibula

head of fibula

118
Q

fibularis longus: insertion

A

metatarsal 1

medial cuneiform

119
Q

fibularis longus: action

A

everts foot

plantar flexes foot

120
Q

fibularis longus: innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

121
Q

fibularis brevis: origin

A

lateral surface of distal fibula

122
Q

fibularis brevis: insertion

A

dorsal surface of metatarsal 5

123
Q

fibularis brevis: action

A

everts foot

plantar flexes foot

124
Q

fibularis brevis: innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

125
Q

tibialis anterior: origin

A

lateral surface of proximal tibia

126
Q

tibialis anterior: insertion

A

metatarsal 1

medial cuneiform

127
Q

tibialis anterior: action

A

invert foot, DFF

128
Q

tibialis anterior: innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

129
Q

extensor hallucis longus: origin

A

anterior surface of middle fibula and interosseous membrane

130
Q

extensor hallucis longus: insertion

A

distal phalanx of digit 1

131
Q

extensor hallucis longus: action

A

extends digit 1

Dorsiflexes foot

132
Q

extensor hallucis longus: innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

133
Q

extensor digitorum longus: origin

A

anterior surface of proximal fibula and interosseous membrane

134
Q

extensor digitorum longus: insertion

A

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

135
Q

extensor digitorum longus: action

A

extends digits 2-5

dorsiflexes foot

136
Q

extensor digitorum longus: innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

137
Q

fibularis tertius: origin

A

anterior surface of distal fibula

138
Q

fibularis tertius: insertion

A

dorsal surface of metatarsal 5

139
Q

fibularis tertius: action

A

evert foot

dorsiflex foot

140
Q

fibularis tertius: innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

Anatomy (8 decks)

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