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Anatomy > lecture 5 the abdomen and gut > Flashcards

lecture 5 the abdomen and gut Flashcards

1
Q

the stomach begins at the opening of the

A

cardiac sphincter

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2
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

connects esophagus to stomach, called this because it is close to the heart

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3
Q

fundus of the stomach

A

superior round area half moon

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4
Q

visceral mesentery

A

shinny covering on the surface of the stomach

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5
Q

greater curvature of the stomach

A

inferior/left side of the stomach touches transverse colon from the esophagus/cardiac sphincter to the pylorus/pyloric sphincter ON THE OUTSIDE

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6
Q

lesser curvature of the stomach

A

superior/right side of the stomach from the esophagus/cardiac sphincter to the pylorus/pyloric sphincter ON THE INSIDE

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7
Q

pylorus

A

bottom transverse portion of the stomach leading into the pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

from the pylorus to the duodenum

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9
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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10
Q

duodenum

A

first segment from stomach, leads to jejunum, superior and deep, makes a C shape

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11
Q

jejunum

A

superior portion of intestinal loops (usually what you see on cadaver. on the top left corner, connects duodenum to ileum

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12
Q

ileum

A

inferior, connects jejunum and ascending colon

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13
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right colic flexure, left colic flexure, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

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14
Q

cecum

A

small sac at the end of the ascending colon

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15
Q

vermiform appendix

A

little nub between cecum and ileum

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16
Q

ascending colon

A

on the right side, ending at the right colic flexure

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17
Q

right colic flexure

A

top right corner of colon, separating ascending colon and transverse colon

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18
Q

transverse colon

A

between ascending and descending colon, divided by right and left colic flexures

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19
Q

left colic flexure

A

top left corner of colon, separating transverse and descending colon

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20
Q

descending colon

A

on the left side, starting at the left colic flexure and ending at the sigmoid colon

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21
Q

sigmoid colon

A

shaped like a sigma <3 at the end of the descending colon ends at rectum

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22
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of membrane in the peritoneum only suspends parts of the gut tube into the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

Early development: dorsal mesentery

A

runs from the posterior (dorsal) body wall to the dorsal surface of the stomach and the intestines

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24
Q

Early development: ventral mesentery

A

runs from ventral body wall to the liver and then from the liver to the ventral surface of the stomach

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25
Q

Ventral mesenteries

A

falciform ligament and the lesser omentum

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26
Q

Falciform ligament

A

runs from ventral body wall to the ventral surface of the liver (contains bile duct and hepatic portal vein)

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27
Q

lesser omentum

A

runs from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

fatty and yellowish

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28
Q

Rapid growth of the liver and rotation result in the stomach ending up on the _____ side and the liver moving to the ______ side of the abdomen

A

left, right

29
Q

Dorsal mesenteries

A

mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, and greater omentum

30
Q

mesentery proper

A

runs from the posterior body wall to the jejunum and ileum of the small intestines

31
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

suspends the transverse colon

32
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior body wall

33
Q

incarcerated small intestine

A

fold of intestine gets trapped in sigmoid mesocolon

34
Q

grater omentum

A

hangs from greater curvature of stomach over the anterior surface of the intestines, and then superior to the transverse colon where it runs to the posterior body wall and is continuous with the parietal peritoneum

35
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

organs with mesenteries remain suspended and mobile within the peritoneal cavity

36
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

not suspended and mobile with in the peritoneal cavity, instead are fused to the posterior abdominal wall and do not have a mesentery (ascending and descending colon, duodenum, and pancreas and kidneys) (dad pk)

37
Q

liver

A

the liver begins as an outgrowth of the duodenum, weighs 3 lbs, produces bile

38
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile, on inferior surface of liver

39
Q

cystic duct

A

bile draining from the gallbladder enters the cystic duct witch joins with the common hepatic duct from the liver to for the common bile duct (which drains into duodenum)

40
Q

The common bile duct is found alongside which two blood vessels that carry blood to the liver

A

the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery proper

41
Q

location of liver

A

superior right part of the peritoneal cavity

42
Q

covering of the liver

A

visceral peritoneum covers the anterior part and the back part lacks peritoneum because it is fused to the diaphragm

43
Q

the ______ occupies a depression in the posterior “bare” area of the liver

A

inferior vena cava

44
Q

The liver is divided into ______ and _______ by _______

A

(large) right lobe, (smaller) left lobe, vertical fissure

45
Q

the _____ attaches to the ventral aspect of the vertical fissure

A

falciform ligament

46
Q

pancreas

A

secrets enzymes into the duodenum to digest food through the pancreatic duct

47
Q

spleen

A

irregularly shaped organ found between the stomach and the diaphragm

48
Q

kidneys

A

not part of the gut tube, retroperitoneal, cleans blood, fluid and electrolyte balance

49
Q

ureters

A

exit through the renal hilus and then extend retroperitoneal along the posterior body wall, tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder

50
Q

suprarenal gland

A

located superior to each kidney, secret hormones and adrenaline

51
Q

celiac trunk

A

comes off of the abdominal aorta as soon as the aorta enters the abdomen (T12)
supplies blood to stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and part of the duodenum
branches off into left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

52
Q

left gastric artery

A

supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach drains into the hepatic portal vein

53
Q

splenic artery

A

supplies blood to the spleen and pancreas, branches off into left gastroepiploic artery

54
Q

left gastroepiploic artery

A

supplies blood to the greater curvature of the stomach d

55
Q

common hepatic artery

A

gives rise to two branches: hepatic proper artery and gastroduodenal artery

56
Q

hepatic proper artery

A

runs in the lesser omentum toward the liver and supplies blood to it
gives rise to the right gastric artery

57
Q

right gastric artery

A

runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach drains into the hepatic portal vein

58
Q

gastroduodenal artery

A

runs along the pancreas to supply both pancreas and duodenum

branches off into right gastorepiploic artery

59
Q

right gastroepiploic artery

A

runs along the greater curvature of the stomach, supplies blood to greater curvature of the stomach

60
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

branches from the abdominal aorta (L1) runs ventrally and inferiorly within the mesentery proper
supplies blood to duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon and transverse colon

61
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

branches from abdominal aorta (L3)

supplies blood to descending colon and sigmoid colon

62
Q

renal arteries

A

(right and left) (right is longer) branch from abdominal aorta (between L1 and L2) receive oxygenated blood from the heart

63
Q

gonadal arteries

A

ovarian and testicular arteries

branch from abdominal aorta (at L2)

64
Q

venous portal system

A

capillaries empty into veins but then drain into a second set of capillary beds before emptying into heart
capillaries –> veins –> capillaries –> veins –> heart

65
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

drains venous blood from the gut tube into the liver
capillary beds of the gut tube –> veins of HPS –> liver capillaries –> liver cells –> capillary beds of the liver –> hepatic veins –> inferior vena cava –> heart

66
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

empties into liver capillaries

formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein

67
Q

parasympathetic motor innervation

A

vagus nerve from the stomach to left colic flexure enters on the surface of the esophagus
preganglionic neurons of the gray matter of the sacral spinal segments innervate from left colic flexure to sigmoid colon

68
Q

sympathetic motor innervation

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons from lateral horns synapse on celiac prevertebral ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Anatomy (8 decks)

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