Lower Limb 4 - Station 3 and 4

Question 1

4 muscles of the deep posterior leg compartment

Answer 1

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior

Question 2

innervation of deep posterior leg

Answer 2

tibial nerve

Question 3

course of tendons of the deep posterior leg

Answer 3

posterior to the medial malleolus. As opposed to going over the calcaeneus where they be compressed

Question 4

action of the popliteus

Answer 4

laterally rotates the femur on the tibia to ‘unlock’ the knee so flexion can occur

Question 5

general actions of flexor digitorum and hallucis longus and tibialis posterior

Answer 5

ankle plantarflexion and toe flexion

Question 6

what additional action does the tibialis posterior do

Answer 6

foot inversion

Question 7

blood supply of posterio leg compartment

Answer 7

posterior tibial artery

Question 8

what two vessels accompany the tendons of the deep posterior muscles around the medial side of the calcaneus

Answer 8

tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 9

deep posterior muscles from lateral to medial

Answer 9

flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior.
then popliteus above them all

Question 10

the cuneiforms are number 1-3 from the lateral or the medial side

Answer 10

from the medial side

Question 11

name all 7 tarsal bones of the foot

Answer 11

talus, calcaneus, cubiod, navicular and cuneiforms 1, 2 and 3

Question 12

what is the deep fascia on the sole of the foot called

Answer 12

plantar aponeurosis

Question 13

what is the presentation of plantar fasciitis

Answer 13

heel pain in the morning and on weight bearing after rest

Question 14

movements of the ankle joint (tibia, fibula and talus)

Answer 14

flexion and extension

Question 15

where do inversion and eversion movements occur

Answer 15

talus and navicular joint (ball and socket)

Question 16

what type of joint is the subtalar joint

Answer 16

synovial

Question 17

how many layers of foot muscles are there

Answer 17

4

Question 18

muscles of the first layer (outermost)

Answer 18

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis

Question 19

what are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve in the foot

Answer 19

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 20

innervation of the 1st layer of foot muscles

Answer 20

abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis –> medial plantar nerve
abductor digiti minimi –> lateral plantar nerve

Question 21

artery that accompanies the lateral plantar nerve in the foot

Answer 21

lateral plantar artery

Question 22

action of the 1st layer of foot muscles

Answer 22

generally, flexion. abduction of those that their names say they abduct

Question 23

what are the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery that supply the foot region

Answer 23

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 24

muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot

Answer 24

quadratus plantae and the 4 lumbricals

Question 25

innervation of the 2nd layer of the foot

Answer 25

quadratus plantae and lateral 3 lumbricals –> lateral plantar nerve
medial lumbrical –> medial plantar nerve

Question 26

muscles of the 3rd layer of the foot

Answer 26

flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis (transnverse and oblique head) and flexor hallucis brevis

Question 27

which 3rd layer muscle is most active in pushing off part of walking

Answer 27

adductor hallucis

Question 28

innervation of 3rd layer

Answer 28

flexor hallucis brevis –> medial plantar nerve

adductor hallucis and flexor digiti minimi brevis –> lateral plantar nerve

Question 29

muscles of the 4th layer of the foot

Answer 29

3 plantar interossei and 4 dorsal interossei

Question 30

innervation of the 4th layer

Answer 30

lateral plantar nerve

Question 31

action of 4th muscle layer of foot

Answer 31

Plantar ADduct and Dorsal ABduct

Question 32

which interossei, plantar or dorsal, are bipennate

Answer 32

dorsal - think of a fish’s tail fin, dorsal - fish - two sides

Question 33

true/false the 2nd digit of the foot has 2 adductors and no abductors

Answer 33

false - it’s the other way around - 2 abductors and no adductors

Question 34

the axis of the foot runs through the _ digit

Answer 34

2nd digit (index toe)

Question 35

what ligament prevents the navicular and calcaneal bones from pulling apart and dropping the longitudinal arch

Answer 35

‘spring’ ligament or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 36

name the 5 passive factors that maintain the arches of the foot

Answer 36

1) shape of bones
2) plantar aponeurosis
3) long plantar ligament
4) short plantar ligament
5) spring ligament

Question 37

name the 3 active (dynamic) factors maintaining the arch of the foot

Answer 37

1) intrinsic muscles of the foot
2) long flexor tendons
3) tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus