Lower Limb 4 - Station 3 and 4 Flashcards
4 muscles of the deep posterior leg compartment
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior
innervation of deep posterior leg
tibial nerve
course of tendons of the deep posterior leg
posterior to the medial malleolus. As opposed to going over the calcaeneus where they be compressed
action of the popliteus
laterally rotates the femur on the tibia to ‘unlock’ the knee so flexion can occur
general actions of flexor digitorum and hallucis longus and tibialis posterior
ankle plantarflexion and toe flexion
what additional action does the tibialis posterior do
foot inversion
blood supply of posterio leg compartment
posterior tibial artery
what two vessels accompany the tendons of the deep posterior muscles around the medial side of the calcaneus
tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery
deep posterior muscles from lateral to medial
flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior.
then popliteus above them all
the cuneiforms are number 1-3 from the lateral or the medial side
from the medial side
name all 7 tarsal bones of the foot
talus, calcaneus, cubiod, navicular and cuneiforms 1, 2 and 3
what is the deep fascia on the sole of the foot called
plantar aponeurosis
what is the presentation of plantar fasciitis
heel pain in the morning and on weight bearing after rest
movements of the ankle joint (tibia, fibula and talus)
flexion and extension
where do inversion and eversion movements occur
talus and navicular joint (ball and socket)
what type of joint is the subtalar joint
synovial
how many layers of foot muscles are there
4
muscles of the first layer (outermost)
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis
what are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve in the foot
medial and lateral plantar nerves
innervation of the 1st layer of foot muscles
abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis –> medial plantar nerve
abductor digiti minimi –> lateral plantar nerve
artery that accompanies the lateral plantar nerve in the foot
lateral plantar artery
action of the 1st layer of foot muscles
generally, flexion. abduction of those that their names say they abduct
what are the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery that supply the foot region
medial and lateral plantar arteries
muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot
quadratus plantae and the 4 lumbricals
innervation of the 2nd layer of the foot
quadratus plantae and lateral 3 lumbricals –> lateral plantar nerve
medial lumbrical –> medial plantar nerve
muscles of the 3rd layer of the foot
flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis (transnverse and oblique head) and flexor hallucis brevis
which 3rd layer muscle is most active in pushing off part of walking
adductor hallucis
innervation of 3rd layer
flexor hallucis brevis –> medial plantar nerve
adductor hallucis and flexor digiti minimi brevis –> lateral plantar nerve
muscles of the 4th layer of the foot
3 plantar interossei and 4 dorsal interossei
innervation of the 4th layer
lateral plantar nerve
action of 4th muscle layer of foot
Plantar ADduct and Dorsal ABduct
which interossei, plantar or dorsal, are bipennate
dorsal - think of a fish’s tail fin, dorsal - fish - two sides
true/false the 2nd digit of the foot has 2 adductors and no abductors
false - it’s the other way around - 2 abductors and no adductors
the axis of the foot runs through the _ digit
2nd digit (index toe)
what ligament prevents the navicular and calcaneal bones from pulling apart and dropping the longitudinal arch
‘spring’ ligament or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
name the 5 passive factors that maintain the arches of the foot
1) shape of bones
2) plantar aponeurosis
3) long plantar ligament
4) short plantar ligament
5) spring ligament
name the 3 active (dynamic) factors maintaining the arch of the foot
1) intrinsic muscles of the foot
2) long flexor tendons
3) tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
