Lower limb 3+4 anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 compartments of lower leg?
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
What are the 4 muscles in anterior compartment of lower leg?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Fibularis tertius
What is the action of the anterior compartment muscles of the lower leg?
- Dorsiflex ankle
- Extend toes
What are the branches of common fibular nerve seen in anterior part of lower leg?
- Superficial fibular nerve
- Deep fibular nerve
What artery precedes dorsalis pedis?
Anterior tibial artery
Why is injury to common fibular nerve possible?
- Superficial position of nerve
- Winds around fibular neck = vulnerable to direct trauma
What type of joint is the ankle?
Synovial hinge joint
What are the articulating surfaces of the ankle?
-Distal end of tibia and fibula with superior part of talus bone
When is the malleoli grip on talus bone strongest/weakest?
Strongest - dorsiflexion
Weakest - plantarflexion
Which ligament of ankle is weakest - medial or lateral
Lateral
During what movements of subtalar joint is sprains most common?
Inversion
What muscles are responsible for plantarflexion?
-Lateral/posterior leg compartment muscles
What type of joint is the proximal tibio-fibular joint?
Synovial plane
What type of joint is the distal tibio-fibular joint?
Syndesmosis
What form the borders of the popliteal fossa?
Upper medial border: Semimembranosus
Upper lateral border: Biceps femoris
Lower medial border: Medial head of gastrocnemius
Lower lateral border: Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Contents of popliteal fossa?
- Fat
- Termination of small saphenous vein
- Popliteal artery/Vein +branches/tributaries
- Tibial/common fibular nerves
- Post. cutaneous muscle of thigh
- Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
What is the action of gastrocnemius?
- Plantarflex ankle
- Flex knee
- Help in walking
What nerve innervates gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve (S1,2)
What is the action of plantaris?
Plantarflex ankle
-Help in propioception
What nerve innervates posterior compartment of leg?
tibial nerve
What branch of popliteal artery supplies posterior compartment of leg?
Posterior tibial artery
What 4 muscles make up the deep part of posterior compartment of leg?
- Popliteus
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Tibialis posterior
What is the order of leg structures passing posterior to medial malleolus going from anterior to posterior? (think of mnemonic Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry)
Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus posterior tibial Artery and Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus
What movements occur at subtalar joints?
Inversion, eversion
How many layers of muscles in the foot are there?
4 (learn first 2)
What are the two terminal branches of tibial nerve supplying the intrinsic muscles of foot?
- Medial plantar
- Lateral plantar
What are the two terminal branches of posterior tibial artery supplying the foot?
- Medial plantar
- Lateral plantar
Regarding the dorsal and plantar interossei, what actions do they have?
Plantar interossei ADduct
Dorsal interossei ABduct
Two actionos of extensor hallucis longus?
Extension of toe
Dorsiflexion of foot
Actions of popliteus?
Flexion
Unlocks knee
Innervation of extensor digitorum brevis?
Deep fibular nerve
Actions of fibularis longus?
Eversion
Plantarflexion
Innervation of fibuaris longus?
Superficial fibular nerve
Action of tibialis posterior?
Plantarflex ankle
Invert foot
