Lower Limb Flashcards
What does the femoral triangle consist of
Three borders
Roof
Floor
Superior border
Lateral border
Medial border
What is the roof of the femoral triangle
Fascia lata
What is the floor of the femoral triangle
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus muscles
What does the superior border of femoral triangle consist of
Inguinal ligament
What does the lateral border of the femoral triangle consist of
Medial border of the sartorius muscle
What does the medial border of the femoral triangle consist of
Medial border of the adductor longus muscle
What are the contents of the femoral triangle
Lateral to medial
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What does the femoral canal contain
Deep lymph nodes and vessels
How do you remember the contents of the femoral triangle
Lateral to medial
NAVEL
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty space
Lymph nodes
What shape is the popliteal fossa
Diamond shape with four borders
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa
Superomedial border - semimembranosus
Superolateral border - biceps femoris
Inferomedial border - medial head of the gastrocnemius
Inferolateral border - lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa
Medial to lateral
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)
Where does the common fibular nerve run
Follows the biceps femoris tendon - travels along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa
What group can the bones of the foot be divided into
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Describe the tarsals
Seven irregularly shaped bones
Situated proximally in the foot of the ankle area
What regions can the foot be divided into
Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
What makes up the hindfoot
Talus and calcaneus
What makes up the mid foot
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
What makes up the forefoot
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What transmits the weight of the entire body to the foot
Talus
What constitutes the heel
Calcaneus
What are the names of the cuneiform bones
Lateral
Intermediate (middle)
Medial
Wedge shaped bones
What does the medial cuneiform provide attachment for
Tibialis anterior
Part of tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
What does the lateral cuneiform provide attachment for
Flexor hallucis brevis
What are the main features of the femur
Head
Neck
Two bony processes
- greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric line
Trochanteric crest
What is the small depression in the head of the femur
Fovea
What is the role of the fovea
Where ligamentum teres attaches
What is the role of the greater trochanter
Site of attachment for muscles in the gluteal region
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
Vastus lateralis - originates from here
What is the role of the lesser trochanter
Site of attachment for iliopsoas
What is the role of the intertrochanteric line
Site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament
What is the strongest ligament of the hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament
What attaches to the intertrochanteric crest
Quadratus femoris
Why does the shaft of the femur descend in a slight medial direction
Brings the knee closer to the body’s centre of gravity - increase stability
What articulates to form the knee joint
Medial and lateral condyles
Tibia
Patella
What do the medial and lateral condyles articulate with
Tibia and menisci of the knee
What type of bone is the patella
Sesamoid - largest in the body
How is the patella attached
Superior - quadriceps tendon
Inferior - patellar ligament
What are the functions of the patella
Leg extension
Protection
In the tibia what do the condyles form
Flat surface - tibial plateau
Tibia
What is the name of the region located between the condyles
Intercondylar eminence
