Lower Leg iRA/tRA Flashcards
normal tibial torsion
proximal to distal ~ 30 deg
What does medial malleolus articulate w/?
medial talar body
convex or concave of distal tibia in sagittal and transverse plane
Sagittal Plane: concave
Transverse plane: convex
Anterior talus is wider _________ than ______. Why?
wider anterior than posterior
- to aide in wedging effect for structural stability during full DF
What is the largest tarsal in the foot?
calcaneus
What is the primary attachment of the tibialis posterior?
navicular tuberosity
What bone is the most lateral in distal tarsal row?
cuboid
In what tendon are the sesamoid bones embedded?
flexor hallicus brevis
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
- tib anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius
What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
What muscles make up the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
- gastroc
- soleus
- plantaris
What muscles make up the deep group of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
- popliteus
- tib posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
What nerve is commonly injured by an inversion injury?
superficial fibular nerve
What end of the tibiofibular joints has a capsule?
proximal tib fib has a capsule, distal does not
What kind of joint is the proximal tibfib? Distal tibfib?
proximal - plane synovial joint
distal - syndesmosis
At what joint does DF/PF occur?
talocrural joint
Arthrokinematics of subtalar: ____ degree orientation from sagittal plane and ____ degree from the transverse plane
16 deg - sagittal
42 deg - transverse
convex/concave rule of MTPs and IPs
concave proximally and convex distally
Inversion: tilting ____ midline
Eversion: tilting _____ midline
inversion: towards midline
eversion: away from midline
Supination osteokinematics
combination of adduction, inversion, and PF
Pronation osteokinematics
combination of abduction, eversion, and DF
Resting and closed packed position of tibiofibular
resting: ~ 10 deg PF
closed: full DF
Resting and closed packed position of talocrural joint
resting: ~10 deg PF
closed: full DF
Resting and closed packed position of midfoot
resting: ~ 10 deg PF
closed: full DF
Resting and closed packed position of IP
resting: slight flexion
closed: full extension
PF ROM
50 deg
DF ROM
20 deg
Supination ROM
45-60 deg
Pronation ROM
15-30 deg
Great toe flexion ROM
MTP 40 deg and IP 90 deg
Great toe extension ROM
MTP 70 deg and IP 0 deg
Functional degrees of DF needed for walking
10 deg
Functional degrees of DF needed for standing up from a chair
17-20 deg
Functional degrees of DF needed to descend stairs
20 deg
What is the windlass effect?
plantar fascia resist flattening of the longitudinal arch
- energy is stored for propulsion
- as you flex toes during push off, arch maintained
DF muscles and innervations (4)
- tib anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- fib tertius
- all innervated by deep fibular nerve
PF muscles and innervation (6)
- gastroc
- soleus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallicis longus
- fibularis longus - superficial fibular nerve
- tib posterior
all innervated by tibial nerve except fib longus
Inversion muscles and innervation (2)
- tib anterior - deep fibular nerve
- tib posterior - tibial nerve
Eversion muscles and innervation (3)
- fib longus - superficial fibular nerve
- fib tertius - deep fibular nerve
- fibularis brevis - superficial fibular nerve
