Lower Extremity

Question 1

L1 to S3 innervates the _______ _____

Answer 1

Lower limb

Question 2

S4 to S5 innervates the _________

Answer 2

Peritoneum

Question 3

This nerve innervates the innervates Anterior Compartment of thigh - Quadriceps femoris, Iliacus, Sartorius

Answer 3

Femoral n

Question 4

This nerve innervates the Medial Compartment (Gracilis, Adductor longus and brevis, Obturator externus, and Adductor portion of Adductor magnus) but for Adductor magnus (hamstring part-Sciatic n) and Pectineus (Femoral n)

Answer 4

obturator n

Question 5

This nerve innervates Posterior Compartment of thigh (Hamstrings) and all muscles of leg and foot

Answer 5

sciatic n

Question 6

Where is the best place for an intramuscular injection site and why?

Answer 6

Upper lateral quadrant of the glut max to miss the sciatic nerve mostly

Question 7

What nerves innervate the glutes?

Answer 7

Superior and Inferior Gluteal nn

major nn to gluteal area, Superior Gluteal to the Gluteus medius and minimis and Tensor Fascia Lata, Inferior Gluteal to the Gluteus Maximus

Question 8

The trendelenberg is due to weakness of what two muscles?

Answer 8

Glut med and max

Question 9

This nerve innervates perineum (Dermatomes S3-5) and sphincters of bladder and rectum (Skeletal muscles S2-4)

Answer 9

Pudendal n

Question 10

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Inguinal Ligament

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Lateral Thigh

Answer 11

L2

Question 12

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Medial great toe

Answer 12

L4

Question 13

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Medial second toe

Answer 13

L5

Question 14

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Lateral 5th toe

Answer 14

S1

Question 15

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Back of thigh

Answer 15

S2

Question 16

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Perineum

Answer 16

S3-5

Question 17

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for hip flexion?

Answer 17

Hip Flexion – Iliopsoas - L1-2 (straight leg raising)

Question 18

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for knee extension?

Answer 18

Knee Extension L3-4 - Quadriceps (Knee Jerk Reflex)

Question 19

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for knee flexion?

Answer 19

Knee Flexion – Hamstrings - L5-S2

Question 20

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?

Answer 20

Ankle Plantar Flexion S1-2 (Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon Reflex)

Question 21

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 21

Ankle Dorsiflexion – Anterior Compartment of lower leg – Deep Fibular n–L4, 5, S1

Question 22

What dermatome is the main culprit in foot drop?

Answer 22

L5 (failure to dorsiflex)

Question 23

What is the significance of the pelvic ring and fractures?

Answer 23

• A ring and if one portion of ring fractured there will usually be a second portion disrupted (sacroiliac or symphysis diastasis) or fractured
• Fractures associated with large amount of bleeding

Question 24

What muscles insert at the greater trochanter?

Answer 24

Insertions of Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Piriformis, Gemelli

Question 25

This is a hip extensor and lateral rotator of Femur/Thigh

Answer 25

Gluteus Maximus

Question 26

What muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter?

Answer 26

Iliopsoas – flexes hip

Question 27

What is the blood supply of the femoral head?

Answer 27

circumflex arteries and artery of Ligamentum teres – set up for aseptic necrosis in injury and Femoral neck fractures

Question 28

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 28

NAVEL

Femoral N, artery, vein, empty, lymphatics

Question 29

Lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 29

Sartoreus, iliopsoas

Question 30

Ligament that is the superior border of the femoral trianlge?

Answer 30

Inguinal ligament

Question 31

Medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 31

Pectineus muscle & adductor longus

Question 32

What is the major nerve of posterior compartment of the thigh and lower limb?

Answer 32

Sciatic n.

Question 33

What foramen does the sciatic n go through?

Answer 33

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Question 34

This is the function of what muscle?

abduct, extend, rotate femur

Answer 34

Gluteal Region Muscles – abduct, extend and rotate femur

Question 35

What are the extensors of the hip?

Answer 35

Think back of leg

• glut max
• hammys (ST, SM, biceps femoris)

Question 36

What are the abductors of the hip?

Answer 36

Think the outside of the thigh:

• glut max, medius, minimus
• tensor fascia lata

Question 37

What are the adductors of the hip?

Answer 37

Think of the inside of the thigh:

• Adductor magnus, longus, brevis
• Gracilis
• Pectineus

Question 38

What are the flexors of the hip?

Answer 38

Think of the top of thigh:

• Psoas major and Iliacus as Iliopsoas
• Pectineus
• Rectus femoris
• Sartorius

Question 39

What happens to the distal fragments in a femoral neck fracture?

Answer 39

The strongest muscles will determine the movements of the distal fragments

Question 40

What dermatomes correspond with the iliopsoas?

Answer 40

L1-L3

Question 41

All of the medial compartment is supplied by the obturator n. execpt for the ________ which is supplied by the femoral n

Answer 41

pectineus

Adductors of the femur

Question 42

The posterior compartment is innervated by what nerve and what are the actions?

Answer 42

Sciatic n.

Hip extensors and knee flexors

Question 43

Most of the large thigh muscles insert where?

Answer 43

proximal Tibia and Fibula

Question 44

What inserts at the medial proximal tibia?

Answer 44

pes anserinus (goose foot) 
SGT FOS!

Question 45

A patient with diffuse pain and tenderness on the lateral portion of the leg near the knee may have what? What two muscles are involved?

Answer 45

Iliotibial band syndrome

Fascia lata and IT band

Question 46

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

Answer 46

Lateral head of Fibula

Question 47

A condition characterized by tingling, numbness and burning pain in the outer part of your thigh. What is the condition and what nerve is involved?

Answer 47

Meralgia parasthetica – lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh