Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

L1 to S3 innervates the _______ _____

A

Lower limb

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2
Q

S4 to S5 innervates the _________

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

This nerve innervates the innervates Anterior Compartment of thigh - Quadriceps femoris, Iliacus, Sartorius

A

Femoral n

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4
Q

This nerve innervates the Medial Compartment (Gracilis, Adductor longus and brevis, Obturator externus, and Adductor portion of Adductor magnus) but for Adductor magnus (hamstring part-Sciatic n) and Pectineus (Femoral n)

A

obturator n

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5
Q

This nerve innervates Posterior Compartment of thigh (Hamstrings) and all muscles of leg and foot

A

sciatic n

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6
Q

Where is the best place for an intramuscular injection site and why?

A

Upper lateral quadrant of the glut max to miss the sciatic nerve mostly

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the glutes?

A

Superior and Inferior Gluteal nn

major nn to gluteal area, Superior Gluteal to the Gluteus medius and minimis and Tensor Fascia Lata, Inferior Gluteal to the Gluteus Maximus

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8
Q

The trendelenberg is due to weakness of what two muscles?

A

Glut med and max

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9
Q

This nerve innervates perineum (Dermatomes S3-5) and sphincters of bladder and rectum (Skeletal muscles S2-4)

A

Pudendal n

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10
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Inguinal Ligament

A

L1

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11
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Lateral Thigh

A

L2

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12
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Medial great toe

A

L4

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13
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Medial second toe

A

L5

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14
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Lateral 5th toe

A

S1

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15
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Back of thigh

A

S2

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16
Q

Name the corresponding dermatome:

Perineum

A

S3-5

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17
Q

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for hip flexion?

A

Hip Flexion – Iliopsoas - L1-2 (straight leg raising)

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18
Q

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for knee extension?

A

Knee Extension L3-4 - Quadriceps (Knee Jerk Reflex)

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19
Q

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for knee flexion?

A

Knee Flexion – Hamstrings - L5-S2

20
Q

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for ankle plantar flexion?

A

Ankle Plantar Flexion S1-2 (Achilles (Calcaneal) Tendon Reflex)

21
Q

What muscle and dermatome are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Ankle Dorsiflexion – Anterior Compartment of lower leg – Deep Fibular n–L4, 5, S1

22
Q

What dermatome is the main culprit in foot drop?

A

L5 (failure to dorsiflex)

23
Q

What is the significance of the pelvic ring and fractures?

A
  • A ring and if one portion of ring fractured there will usually be a second portion disrupted (sacroiliac or symphysis diastasis) or fractured
  • Fractures associated with large amount of bleeding
24
Q

What muscles insert at the greater trochanter?

A

Insertions of Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Piriformis, Gemelli

25
This is a hip extensor and lateral rotator of Femur/Thigh
Gluteus Maximus
26
What muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter?
Iliopsoas – flexes hip
27
What is the blood supply of the femoral head?
circumflex arteries and artery of Ligamentum teres – set up for aseptic necrosis in injury and Femoral neck fractures
28
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
NAVEL | Femoral N, artery, vein, empty, lymphatics
29
Lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartoreus, iliopsoas
30
Ligament that is the superior border of the femoral trianlge?
Inguinal ligament
31
Medial border of the femoral triangle?
Pectineus muscle & adductor longus
32
What is the major nerve of posterior compartment of the thigh and lower limb?
Sciatic n.
33
What foramen does the sciatic n go through?
Greater Sciatic Foramen
34
This is the function of what muscle? | abduct, extend, rotate femur
Gluteal Region Muscles – abduct, extend and rotate femur
35
What are the extensors of the hip?
Think back of leg - glut max - hammys (ST, SM, biceps femoris)
36
What are the abductors of the hip?
Think the outside of the thigh: - glut max, medius, minimus - tensor fascia lata
37
What are the adductors of the hip?
Think of the inside of the thigh: - Adductor magnus, longus, brevis - Gracilis - Pectineus
38
What are the flexors of the hip?
Think of the top of thigh: - Psoas major and Iliacus as Iliopsoas - Pectineus - Rectus femoris - Sartorius
39
What happens to the distal fragments in a femoral neck fracture?
The strongest muscles will determine the movements of the distal fragments
40
What dermatomes correspond with the iliopsoas?
L1-L3
41
All of the medial compartment is supplied by the obturator n. execpt for the ________ which is supplied by the femoral n
pectineus Adductors of the femur
42
The posterior compartment is innervated by what nerve and what are the actions?
Sciatic n. Hip extensors and knee flexors
43
Most of the large thigh muscles insert where?
proximal Tibia and Fibula
44
What inserts at the medial proximal tibia?
``` pes anserinus (goose foot) SGT FOS! ```
45
A patient with diffuse pain and tenderness on the lateral portion of the leg near the knee may have what? What two muscles are involved?
Iliotibial band syndrome Fascia lata and IT band
46
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
Lateral head of Fibula
47
A condition characterized by tingling, numbness and burning pain in the outer part of your thigh. What is the condition and what nerve is involved?
Meralgia parasthetica – lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh