Lower Extremity Flashcards
Which bone contains a groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?
calcaneus
The dorsum of the foot is largely innervated by which nerve?
deep fibular nerve
Where does the plantar aponeurosis insert?
flexor tendon sheaths
Where does the quadratus plantae muscle insert?
flexor digitorum longus tendons
What does the superficial vs. deep fibular nerve innervate?
- superficial: lateral leg compartment muscles
- deep: anterior leg compartment muscles
What is the Babinski reflex?
It is one of the normal reflexes in infants that occurs when the bottom of the foot is stroked. In response, the toes will abduct and fan out. In adults, this reflex is absent. Instead, the toes will flex inward when the bottom of the foot is stroked.
Which artery gives off the deep plantar arch?
lateral plantar artery
What is a good landmark for finding the dorsalis pedis pulse?
extensor hallucis longus tendon (lateral to it)
What does the talus bone articulate with?
tibia and fibula
The iliofemoral ligament helps prevent which action?
hyperextension of the thigh
What is the ligament of the head of the femur, and what runs through it?
ligamentum teres; artery to the head of the femur (aka, obturator artery) runs through it
Articulating surfaces of the tibia are_______.
medial and lateral tibial plateaus
The cuboid has a groove for which tendon?
fibularis longus tendon
The medial and lateral plantar arteries are branches of which artery?
posterior tibial artery
Does the ligamentum teres stabilize the hip joint?
no!
Which way does the patella move with leg flexion?
inferiorly (descends)
Is the PCL or ACL stronger?
PCL
What is another term for a high ankle sprain?
syndesmotic ankle sprain (because it is a syndesmosis jint)
What is the most common mechanism of injury for a high ankle sprain (most common type of ankle sprain)?
lateral rotation of the foot
Which muscles are considered to be the hamstring?
biceps femoris (long and short head), semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Which meniscus is less commonly injured? Why?
The lateral meniscus is less commonly injured because it is attached posteriorly to the popliteus and coronary ligaments, which allow for more movement.
What are the only 2 points in the foot to touch the floor?
- Calcaneus
- Head of metatarsals
Which type of injury often causes the unhappy triad?
posterolateral blow to knee
Where do the lumbricals originate?
on the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle
A ligament on the medial side of the foot that that serve as a cushion for walking and assists in weight transfer.
spring ligament
