Lower Extremity

Question 1

Which bone contains a groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?

Answer 1

calcaneus

Question 2

The dorsum of the foot is largely innervated by which nerve?

Answer 2

deep fibular nerve

Question 3

Where does the plantar aponeurosis insert?

Answer 3

flexor tendon sheaths

Question 4

Where does the quadratus plantae muscle insert?

Answer 4

flexor digitorum longus tendons

Question 5

What does the superficial vs. deep fibular nerve innervate?

Answer 5

• superficial: lateral leg compartment muscles

- deep: anterior leg compartment muscles

Question 6

What is the Babinski reflex?

Answer 6

It is one of the normal reflexes in infants that occurs when the bottom of the foot is stroked. In response, the toes will abduct and fan out. In adults, this reflex is absent. Instead, the toes will flex inward when the bottom of the foot is stroked.

Question 7

Which artery gives off the deep plantar arch?

Answer 7

lateral plantar artery

Question 8

What is a good landmark for finding the dorsalis pedis pulse?

Answer 8

extensor hallucis longus tendon (lateral to it)

Question 9

What does the talus bone articulate with?

Answer 9

tibia and fibula

Question 10

The iliofemoral ligament helps prevent which action?

Answer 10

hyperextension of the thigh

Question 11

What is the ligament of the head of the femur, and what runs through it?

Answer 11

ligamentum teres; artery to the head of the femur (aka, obturator artery) runs through it

Question 12

Articulating surfaces of the tibia are_______.

Answer 12

medial and lateral tibial plateaus

Question 13

The cuboid has a groove for which tendon?

Answer 13

fibularis longus tendon

Question 14

The medial and lateral plantar arteries are branches of which artery?

Answer 14

posterior tibial artery

Question 15

Does the ligamentum teres stabilize the hip joint?

Answer 15

no!

Question 16

Which way does the patella move with leg flexion?

Answer 16

inferiorly (descends)

Question 17

Is the PCL or ACL stronger?

Answer 17

PCL

Question 18

What is another term for a high ankle sprain?

Answer 18

syndesmotic ankle sprain (because it is a syndesmosis jint)

Question 19

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a high ankle sprain (most common type of ankle sprain)?

Answer 19

lateral rotation of the foot

Question 20

Which muscles are considered to be the hamstring?

Answer 20

biceps femoris (long and short head), semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 21

Which meniscus is less commonly injured? Why?

Answer 21

The lateral meniscus is less commonly injured because it is attached posteriorly to the popliteus and coronary ligaments, which allow for more movement.

Question 22

What are the only 2 points in the foot to touch the floor?

Answer 22

• Calcaneus

- Head of metatarsals

Question 23

Which type of injury often causes the unhappy triad?

Answer 23

posterolateral blow to knee

Question 24

Where do the lumbricals originate?

Answer 24

on the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Question 25

A ligament on the medial side of the foot that that serve as a cushion for walking and assists in weight transfer.

Answer 25

spring ligament