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BOARDS: Basic Anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What three bones form the pelvis?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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2
Q

What is the Y-ligament?

A

iliofemoral ligament; on anterior surface of pelvis to femur

- resists extension

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3
Q

What are the three ligaments of the hip joint? What motions do they resist?

A

1) iliofemoral = resists extension
2) ischiofemoral = resists extension and IR
3) pubofemoral = resists abduction

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4
Q

What is the normal degree of anteversion?

A

15 deg

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5
Q

Excessive anteversion can lead to what kind of foot position?

A

intoeing

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6
Q

What are the prime external rotators of the hip?

A

obturator externus

quadratus femoris

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7
Q

What are the prime internal rotators of the hip?

A

anterior fibers of glut med and min

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8
Q

The sciatic nerve branches into what two nerves?

A

tibial and common fib

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9
Q

Tibial nerve supplies what compartment of the leg?

A

posterior compartment

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10
Q

Origin/Insertion for biceps femoris.

A 
O = ischial tuberosity
I = head of fibula/lateral condyle of tibia
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11
Q

What three muscles insert on pes anerine?

A 
S = sartorius
G = gracilis
T = semitendonosis
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12
Q

What muscle blends into the oblique popliteal ligament at its insertion site?

A

semimembranosis (medial knee)

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13
Q

What does the articularis genus do?

A

deep muscle right above knee cap: draws up the suprapatellar bursa for knee extension

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14
Q

List the adductors.

A

1) pectineus: adduction, ER, weak hip flexor
2) adductor longus: adduct, flex/extend, ER (superficial to brevis and magnus)
3) adductor brevis: same as longus (superior to magnus)
4) adductor magnus: same as longus/brevis, but weak flexor of hip
5) adductor minimus: adduct, ER
6) gracilis: adduct/flex hip; flex and IR knee joint

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15
Q

What does iliopsoas attach to?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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16
Q

How do you stretch TFL?

A

adduct, ext, ER

- since it’s an abductor, flexor, IR

17
Q

What elbow flexor muscles are innervated by radial n.?

A

brachioradialis and brachialis

brachialis is musculocutaneous also

18
Q

Differentiate actions of the anterior vs posterior fibers of both glute med/min.

A 
anterior = hip flexion/IR
posterior = hip extension/ER
19
Q

The superior and inferior gemellus muscles sandwhich what muscle in between?

A

obturator internus

20
Q

Which of the following does NOT do abduction?

a) obturator internus
b) obturator externus
c) quadratus femoris
d) internal gemellus
e) external gemellus
f) all do abduction

A

C) quadratus femoris does adduction; all the rest do abduction

all of the listed muscles do ER and hip ext, though

21
Q

If a patient has drop foot, which nerve could be affected?

A 
deep fib (L4-5) which supplies anterior tib
- does DF/inversion
22
Q

Compare actions of plantaris vs popliteus.

A

plantaris = flex knee, plantar flex foot (attaches from lateral condyle of femur to posterior calcaneous)

popliteus = flex and IR knee

23
Q

What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?

A

adductor magnus (tubercle is at distal medial femur)

24
Q

Describe meniscal blood supply.

A

avascular inner 2/3rds

partly vascular outer 1/3rd

25
Q

What muscle augments the ACL?

A

ACL prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur (taut in extension), so hamstrings help prevent this

26
Q

What muscle augments the PCL?

A

quads (since PCL taut with knee flexion)

27
Q

Which hamstring muscle internally rotates the tibia and retracts the medial meniscus?

A

semimembranosis

28
Q

What ligaments are found on the lateral ankle?

A

LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGS
calcaneofibular
anterior talofibular (ATF)
posterior talofib

29
Q

What three muscles run under the medial malleolus into the foot?

A

Tom, Dick, and Harry

1) tib posterior
2) flexor digitorum longus
3) flexor hallicus longus

30
Q

What bones are on the lateral side of the foot?

A

calcaneous, cuboid, metatarsals

31
Q

What bones are on the medial side of the foot?

A

Calcaneus, navicular, cuneiform, metatarsals

BOARDS: Basic Anatomy (4 decks)

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