Lower Extremity Flashcards
What three bones form the pelvis?
ilium
ischium
pubis
What is the Y-ligament?
iliofemoral ligament; on anterior surface of pelvis to femur
- resists extension
What are the three ligaments of the hip joint? What motions do they resist?
1) iliofemoral = resists extension
2) ischiofemoral = resists extension and IR
3) pubofemoral = resists abduction
What is the normal degree of anteversion?
15 deg
Excessive anteversion can lead to what kind of foot position?
intoeing
What are the prime external rotators of the hip?
obturator externus
quadratus femoris
What are the prime internal rotators of the hip?
anterior fibers of glut med and min
The sciatic nerve branches into what two nerves?
tibial and common fib
Tibial nerve supplies what compartment of the leg?
posterior compartment
Origin/Insertion for biceps femoris.
O = ischial tuberosity I = head of fibula/lateral condyle of tibia
What three muscles insert on pes anerine?
S = sartorius G = gracilis T = semitendonosis
What muscle blends into the oblique popliteal ligament at its insertion site?
semimembranosis (medial knee)
What does the articularis genus do?
deep muscle right above knee cap: draws up the suprapatellar bursa for knee extension
List the adductors.
1) pectineus: adduction, ER, weak hip flexor
2) adductor longus: adduct, flex/extend, ER (superficial to brevis and magnus)
3) adductor brevis: same as longus (superior to magnus)
4) adductor magnus: same as longus/brevis, but weak flexor of hip
5) adductor minimus: adduct, ER
6) gracilis: adduct/flex hip; flex and IR knee joint
What does iliopsoas attach to?
lesser trochanter of femur
How do you stretch TFL?
adduct, ext, ER
- since it’s an abductor, flexor, IR
What elbow flexor muscles are innervated by radial n.?
brachioradialis and brachialis
brachialis is musculocutaneous also
Differentiate actions of the anterior vs posterior fibers of both glute med/min.
anterior = hip flexion/IR posterior = hip extension/ER
The superior and inferior gemellus muscles sandwhich what muscle in between?
obturator internus
Which of the following does NOT do abduction?
a) obturator internus
b) obturator externus
c) quadratus femoris
d) internal gemellus
e) external gemellus
f) all do abduction
C) quadratus femoris does adduction; all the rest do abduction
all of the listed muscles do ER and hip ext, though
If a patient has drop foot, which nerve could be affected?
deep fib (L4-5) which supplies anterior tib - does DF/inversion
Compare actions of plantaris vs popliteus.
plantaris = flex knee, plantar flex foot (attaches from lateral condyle of femur to posterior calcaneous)
popliteus = flex and IR knee
What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?
adductor magnus (tubercle is at distal medial femur)
Describe meniscal blood supply.
avascular inner 2/3rds
partly vascular outer 1/3rd
What muscle augments the ACL?
ACL prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur (taut in extension), so hamstrings help prevent this
What muscle augments the PCL?
quads (since PCL taut with knee flexion)
Which hamstring muscle internally rotates the tibia and retracts the medial meniscus?
semimembranosis
What ligaments are found on the lateral ankle?
LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGS
calcaneofibular
anterior talofibular (ATF)
posterior talofib
What three muscles run under the medial malleolus into the foot?
Tom, Dick, and Harry
1) tib posterior
2) flexor digitorum longus
3) flexor hallicus longus
What bones are on the lateral side of the foot?
calcaneous, cuboid, metatarsals
What bones are on the medial side of the foot?
Calcaneus, navicular, cuneiform, metatarsals
