Intro Stuff

Question 1

What are the three classes of joints?

Answer 1

1) synovial joints (most common; shoulder)
2) fibrous joints (suture joints in skull)
3) cartilaginous joints (IV disks)

Question 2

Give an example of a plane joint.

Answer 2

AC joint: between clavicle and scapula

Question 3

What is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 3

carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

Question 4

What joint is a pivot joint?

Answer 4

atlanto-axial joint

Question 5

The elbow joint is what kind of joint?

Answer 5

Hinge

Question 6

What’s the difference between saddle and condyloid joints?

Answer 6

both are biaxial, however with a condyloid joint, you have more ROM in one direction than the other (ex: more flexion/extension than ab/ad for MCP joints)

Question 7

What are the 3 muscle types?

Answer 7

1) Skeletal striated muscle (voluntary somatic)
2) Cadiac striated muscle (involuntary visceral)
3) Smooth muscle (involuntary visceral)

Question 8

What ventricle propells low-O2 blood into the lungs? Through what vessicle?

Answer 8

Right ventricle pumps low O2 blood to the pulmonary arteries, which go to the lungs

Question 9

What is the pulmonary circulation system?

Answer 9

R ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> L atrium

Question 10

Three layers of the vessels of the circulatory system:

Answer 10

1) Tunica intima: inner lining consisting of single layer of endothelium
2) Tunica media: middle layer of mostly smooth muscle
3) Tunica adventitia: outer connective tissue layer/sheath

Question 11

Are capillaries arteries or veins?

Answer 11

NEITHER: they’re endothelial tubes connecting the artieral and venous sides of circulation, allowing the exchange of materials

Question 12

What does the lymphoid system do?

Answer 12

Drains surplus fluid from the EC space to drain back into bloodstream

Question 13

Are cranial nerves considered CNS or PNS?

Answer 13

PNS

CNS is only brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Name the meninges, outermost to innermost.

Answer 14

Dura -> arachnoid -> pia

Question 15

Where is CSF located in the meninges?

Answer 15

between the pia and arachnoid

Question 16

Describe the roles of grey vs white matter in the brain.

Answer 16

1) Grey: has no myelination; it’s where cell bodies are clustered - cortex is grey matter
2) White: has lots of myelination, allowing info to travel far distances; aka nerve/pathway/tract

Question 17

Name the cranial nerves in order:

Answer 17

1) OLFACTORY
2) optic
3) occulomotor
4) trochlear
5) trigeminal
6) abducens
7) facial
8) VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
9) glossopharyngeal
10) VAGUS
11) accessory
12) HYPOGLOSSAL

Question 18

What information do anterior nerve roots carry?

Answer 18

motor

Question 19

What information do posterior nerve roots carry?

Answer 19

sensory

Question 20

What information do anterior rami carry?

Answer 20

sensory and motor (divided after the combining of the anterior/posterior roots, becoming a spinal nerve)

roots (A/P) -> join to become a spinal nerve (A+P) -> branch off into rami (A+P)

Question 21

What information do posterior rami carry?

Answer 21

sensory and motor

Question 22

Describe the difference between afferent/efferent nerves.

Answer 22

afferent = carrying sensory info back to brain
efferent = carrying motor info from brain

Question 23

If a patient has had an injury affecting C6-7 vertebrae, what dermatomal pattern could his pain look like?

Answer 23

lateral forearm to thumb = C6

middle finger = C7

Question 24

If a patient has had an injury affecting C3-4 vertebrae, what dermatomal pattern could his pain look like?

Answer 24

middle of posterior neck = C3

upper back to deltoid/top of shoulder = C4