Intro Stuff Flashcards
What are the three classes of joints?
1) synovial joints (most common; shoulder)
2) fibrous joints (suture joints in skull)
3) cartilaginous joints (IV disks)
Give an example of a plane joint.
AC joint: between clavicle and scapula
What is an example of a saddle joint?
carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
What joint is a pivot joint?
atlanto-axial joint
The elbow joint is what kind of joint?
Hinge
What’s the difference between saddle and condyloid joints?
both are biaxial, however with a condyloid joint, you have more ROM in one direction than the other (ex: more flexion/extension than ab/ad for MCP joints)
What are the 3 muscle types?
1) Skeletal striated muscle (voluntary somatic)
2) Cadiac striated muscle (involuntary visceral)
3) Smooth muscle (involuntary visceral)
What ventricle propells low-O2 blood into the lungs? Through what vessicle?
Right ventricle pumps low O2 blood to the pulmonary arteries, which go to the lungs
What is the pulmonary circulation system?
R ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> L atrium
Three layers of the vessels of the circulatory system:
1) Tunica intima: inner lining consisting of single layer of endothelium
2) Tunica media: middle layer of mostly smooth muscle
3) Tunica adventitia: outer connective tissue layer/sheath
Are capillaries arteries or veins?
NEITHER: they’re endothelial tubes connecting the artieral and venous sides of circulation, allowing the exchange of materials
What does the lymphoid system do?
Drains surplus fluid from the EC space to drain back into bloodstream
Are cranial nerves considered CNS or PNS?
PNS
CNS is only brain and spinal cord
Name the meninges, outermost to innermost.
Dura -> arachnoid -> pia
Where is CSF located in the meninges?
between the pia and arachnoid
Describe the roles of grey vs white matter in the brain.
1) Grey: has no myelination; it’s where cell bodies are clustered - cortex is grey matter
2) White: has lots of myelination, allowing info to travel far distances; aka nerve/pathway/tract
Name the cranial nerves in order:
1) OLFACTORY
2) optic
3) occulomotor
4) trochlear
5) trigeminal
6) abducens
7) facial
8) VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
9) glossopharyngeal
10) VAGUS
11) accessory
12) HYPOGLOSSAL
What information do anterior nerve roots carry?
motor
What information do posterior nerve roots carry?
sensory
What information do anterior rami carry?
sensory and motor (divided after the combining of the anterior/posterior roots, becoming a spinal nerve)
roots (A/P) -> join to become a spinal nerve (A+P) -> branch off into rami (A+P)
What information do posterior rami carry?
sensory and motor
Describe the difference between afferent/efferent nerves.
afferent = carrying sensory info back to brain efferent = carrying motor info from brain
If a patient has had an injury affecting C6-7 vertebrae, what dermatomal pattern could his pain look like?
lateral forearm to thumb = C6
middle finger = C7
If a patient has had an injury affecting C3-4 vertebrae, what dermatomal pattern could his pain look like?
middle of posterior neck = C3
upper back to deltoid/top of shoulder = C4