Lower Extremity Flashcards
LCL (fibular collateral ligament), MCL (tibial collateral ligament)
muscles of the foot (1st layer - most superficial)
origen: calcaneous
- abductor hallucis, i: base of proximal phalanx of big toe, flexes/abducts big toe, braces medial longitudinal arch
- flexor digitorum brevis, i: tendons to 4 lateral toes (middle phalanx), flexes lateral 4 toes, braces medial and lateral longitudinal arch
- abductor digiti minimi, i: proximal phalanx of fifth toe, flexes and abducts fifth toe, braces lateral longitudinal arch
ligament of head of the femur
aka ligamentum teres
flexor digitorum (longus)
common fibular nerve
aka peroneal nerve
bones of the foot
deltoid ligament at ankle
tensor fascia lata
tibial nerve - posterior
tibial nerve, vein, artery from lateral to medial
lateral ligament at ankle
femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery
plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament (spring)
- medial view
pectineus
gastrocnemius
flexor hallucis longus
fibular artery
plantar fascia
muscles of the foot (3rd layer - second deepest)
- flexor hallucis brevis, o: cuboid, lateral cuniform i: lateral and medial side of base of proximal pahalnx of big toe, a: flexes big toe, supports medial lognitudinal arch
- adductor hallucis, o: base of 2-4 metatarsals (oblique head), plantar ligaments (lateral head), i: lateral side of base of proximal phalynx of big toe, a: flexes bid toe and holds together metatarsals
- flexor digiti minimi brevis, o: base of 5th metatarsal, i: lateral side of base of proximal phalynx of little toe, a: flexes little toe
tibia
tibialis anterior
dorsalis pedis artery
muscles of the foot (2nd layer - 3rd deepest)
- 4 lumbricals, o: tendons of flexor digitorum longus, i: base of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes, extends toes
soleus
- under gastrocnemius
sciatic nerve
gluteus medius
quadriceps and attachments
superior and inferior gluteal nerves
superior and inferior gemelli
superior: origen = spine of ischium, insertion = greater trochanter of femur, action = lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
inferior: origen = ischial tuberosity, insertion = greater trochanter of femur, action = lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
piriformis
- posterior view
femoral triangle
gluteus minimus
obturator externus
adductor brevis
ligaments of the knee
sacroiliac joint
medial and lateral plantar nerves
pes anserine
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus - goose foot
- inserts onto anteromedial tibia
obturator internus
posterior view
meadial view of ankle
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus
popliteus muscle
extensor digitorum brevis
- also note the extensor hallucis brevis
patella
femoral nerve
fibularis longus
tibialis posterior
plantaris
Superior and inferior pubic rami
iliopsoas
origin for iliacus = iliac fossa
extensor digitorum (longus)
gluteus maximus
extensor hallucis longus
Ischial tuberosity
sartorius
tibial plateau (medial and lateral)
fibularis tertius
posterior leg muscles
talus (head, body, neck)
anterior leg muscles
iliotibial band
hamstrings and attachments
adductor magnus
gracilis
adductor longus
quadratus femoris
fibularis brevis
inferior tibiofibular joint and ligaments
ilium, pubis, and ischium
lateral ankle: fibularis longus and brevis
superior tibiofibular joint and ligaments
pelvis - body of ilium, iliac crest, Anterior Superior Iliac spine (ASIS), Anterior Inferior Iliac spine (AIIS), Posterior Superior Iliac spine (PSIS), pubic symphysis, obturator foramen, acetabulum
3 Hip Ligaments
fibula
ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscus
muscles of the foot (4th layer - deepest)
- 3 plantar interossei, o: inferior surface of 3-5 metatarsal, i: medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral 3 toes, a: adduction of toes, flexes metatarsophalangeal joint, extends interphalangeal joints
- 4 dorsal interossei, o:adjacent sides of metatarsal bones, i: base of proximal phalanges, a: abduction of toes, flexes metatarsophalangeal joint, extends interphalangeal joints
Ischiopubic ramus
femur
