Lower Extremity Flashcards
1
Q
Origin: Iliacus
A
Iliac fossa
2
Q
Insertion: Iliacus
A
Lesser trochanter
3
Q
Innervation: Iliacus
A
Femoral nerve
4
Q
Action: Iliacus
A
Flexes hip
5
Q
Origin: Psoas Major
A
- Bodies of lumbar vertebrae
- Lumbar intervertebral discs
- Lumbar transverse processes
6
Q
Insertion: Psoas Major
A
Lesser trochanter (with iliacus muscle)
7
Q
Innervation: Psoas Major
A
Ventral rami
8
Q
Action: Psoas Major
A
Flexes hip
9
Q
Origin: Psoas Minor
A
With highest fibers of psoas major
10
Q
Insertion: Psoas Minor
A
Area on pectineal line
11
Q
Innervation: Psoas Minor
A
Ventral rami
12
Q
Action: Psoas Minor
A
Posterior pelvic tilt
13
Q
Notes: Psoas Minor
A
Present only ~50% of the time
14
Q
Origin: Sartorius
A
ASIS
15
Q
Insertion: Sartorius
A
Upper medial surface of tibia (part of pes anserinus)
16
Q
Innervation: Sartorius
A
Femoral nerve
17
Q
Action: Sartorius
A
- Flexes hip
- External rotation of hip
- Flexes knee
18
Q
Notes: Sartorius
A
Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
19
Q
Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris
A
- AIIS (straight tendon)
2. Ilium above acetabulum (reflected tendon)
20
Q
Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris
A
Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
21
Q
Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris
A
Femoral nerve
22
Q
Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris
A
- Extends knee
2. Flexes hip
23
Q
Notes: Quadriceps Femoris – Rectus Femoris
A
Quads act as unit for knee extension. Cannot isolate or strengthen individually
24
Q
Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis
A
- Lateral lip of linea aspera
2. Lateral intermuscular septum
25
Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis
Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
26
Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis
Femoral nerve
27
Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Lateralis
Extends knee
28
Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis
1. Lower anterior part of intertrochanteric line
| 2. Medial lip of linea aspera
29
Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis
Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
30
Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis
Femoral nerve
31
Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Medialis
Extends knee
32
Origin: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius
Anterior and lateral surface of body of femur
33
Insertion: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius
Common tendon into the upper border of the patella
34
Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius
Femoral nerve
35
Action: Quadriceps Femoris – Vastus Intermedius
Extends knee
36
Origin: Articularis Genu
Distal femur
37
Insertion: Articularis Genu
Knee joint capsule
38
Innervation: Articularis Genu
Femoral nerve
39
Action: Articularis Genu
Pulls joint capsule upward during knee extension
40
Origin: Pectineus
Pectineal line of pubis
41
Insertion: Pectineus
Below lesser trochanter
42
Innervation: Pectineus
1. Femoral nerve
2. Obturator nerve
3. Or both nerves
43
Action: Pectineus
1. Flexes hip
| 2. Adducts hip
44
Origin: Adductor Brevis
1. Body of pubis
| 2. Inferior ramus of pubis
45
Insertion: Adductor Brevis
Upper part of linea aspera, medial lip
46
Innervation: Adductor Brevis
Obturator nerve
47
Action: Adductor Brevis
1. Flexes hip
| 2. Adducts hip
48
Origin: Obturator Externus
External surface of obturator membrane
49
Insertion: Obturator Externus
Trochanteric fossa
50
Innervation: Obturator Externus
Obturator nerve
51
Action: Obturator Externus
External rotation of hip
52
Notes: Obturator Externus
Can see muscle belly deep to pectineus and can see tendon in gluteal area deep to Obturator internus
53
Origin: Gracilis
1. Body of pubis
| 2. Inferior ramus of pubis
54
Insertion: Gracilis
Tibia, below medial condyle (pes anserinus)
55
Innervation: Gracilis
Obturator nerve
56
Action: Gracilis
1. Adducts hip
2. Flexes hip
3. Flexes knee
57
Notes: Gracilis
Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
58
Origin: Adductor Longus
Body of pubis
59
Insertion: Adductor Longus
Linea aspera, medial lip
60
Innervation: Adductor Longus
Obturator nerve
61
Action: Adductor Longus
1. Adducts hip
| 2. Flexes hip
62
Origin: Adductor Magnus
1. Inferior ramus of pubis
2. Ischium
3. Ischial tuberosity
63
Insertion: Adductor Magnus
1. Medial lip of linea aspera
| 2. Adductor tubercle
64
Innervation: Adductor Magnus
1. Obturator nerve to portion from ischiopubic ramus
| 2. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve to portion from ischial tuberosity
65
Action:Adductor Magnus
1. Adducts hip
2. Flexes hip
3. Ischial fibers can help to extend hip
66
Origin: Tibialis Anterior
Upper 2/3 tibia
67
Insertion: Tibialis Anterior
1. Medial cuneiform
| 2. Base of 1st metatarsal
68
Innervation: Tibialis Anterior
Deep peroneal nerve
69
Action: Tibialis Anterior
1. Ankle dorsiflexion
| 2. Forefoot inversion
70
Notes: Tibialis Anterior
Anterior compartment of leg
71
Origin: Extensor Hallucis Longus
1. Lower fibula
| 2. Interosseous membrane
72
Insertion: Extensor Hallucis Longus
Base of distal phalanx of hallux
73
Innervation: Extensor Hallucis Longus
Deep peroneal nerve
74
Action: Extensor Hallucis Longus
1. Ankle dorsiflexion
| 2. Extends hallux
75
Notes: Extensor Hallucis Longus
Anterior compartment of leg
76
Origin: Extensor Digitorum Longus
1. Lateral condyle of tibia
2. Upper fibula
3. Interosseous membrane
77
Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Longus
Middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
78
Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Longus
Deep peroneal nerve
79
Action: Extensor Digitorum Longus
1. Extends toes
2. Ankle dorsiflexion
3. Forefoot eversion
80
Notes: Extensor Digitorum Longus
Anterior compartment of leg
81
Origin: Peroneus Tertius
Continues with extensor digitorum longus
82
Insertion: Peroneus Tertius
Base of 5th metatarsal
83
Innervation: Peroneus Tertius
Deep peroneal nerve
84
Action: Peroneus Tertius
1. Ankle dorsiflexion
| 2. Forefoot eversion
85
Notes: Peroneus Tertius
Anterior compartment of leg
86
Origin: Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Calcaneus
87
Insertion: Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Proximal phalanx of hallux
88
Innervation: Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Deep peroneal nerve
89
Action: Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extends proximal phalanx of hallux
90
Origin: Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Calcaneus
91
Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Proximal phalanx of lateral 3-4 toes
92
Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Deep peroneal nerve
93
Action: Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extends proximal phalanx of lateral 4 toes
94
Origin: Peroneus Longus
1. Head of fibula
| 2. Upper fibula
95
Insertion: Peroneus Longus
1. Medial cuneiform
| 2. Base of 1st metatarsal
96
Innervation: Peroneus Longus
Superficial peroneal nerve
97
Action: Peroneus Longus
1. Forefoot eversion
| 2. Ankle plantar flexion
98
Notes: Peroneus Longus
Lateral compartment of leg
99
Origin: Peroneus Brevis
Lower fibula
100
Insertion: Peroneus Brevis
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
101
Innervation: Peroneus Brevis
Superficial peroneal nerve
102
Action: Peroneus Brevis
1. Ankle eversion
| 2. Ankle plantar flexion
103
Notes: Peroneus Brevis
Lateral compartment of leg
104
Origin: Gluteus Maximus
1. Ilium
2. Sacrum
3. Coccyx
4. Sacrotuberous ligament
105
Insertion: Gluteus Maximus
1. Upper half of the muscle and the superficial fibers of the lower half insert into the iliotibial band
2. Deep fibers of the lower part insert into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
106
Innervation: Gluteus Maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
107
Action: Gluteus Maximus
Hip extension, external rotation
108
Origin: Gluteus Medius
1. Ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
| 2. Overlying deep fascia
109
Insertion: Gluteus Medius
Greater trochanter
110
Innervation: Gluteus Medius
Superior gluteal nerve
111
Action: Gluteus Medius
1. Hip abduction
2. Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers)
3. Hip external rotation (posterior fibers)
112
Notes: Gluteus Medius
Post, Ant, and Inf Gluteal Lines are lines on ilium that demarcate the attachments of the gluteal muscles. Inf glut line from btwn ASIS and AIIS to greater sciatic notch; Ant glut line from iliac crest just posterior to ASIS to greater sciatic notch; Post glut line from iliac crest near PSIS to greater sciatic notch near PIIS.
113
Origin: Gluteus Minimus
Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
114
Insertion: Gluteus Minimus
Anterior border of greater trochanter
115
Innervation: Gluteus Minimus
Superior gluteal nerve
116
Action: Gluteus Minimus
1. Hip abduction
| 2. Hip internal rotation (anterior fibers)
117
Origin: Tensor Fascia Lata
1. Anterior part of iliac crest
| 2. ASIS
118
Insertion: Tensor Fascia Lata
1. Iliotibial tract which attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on tibia
2. Patellar retinaculum
119
Innervation: Tensor Fascia Lata
Superior gluteal nerve
120
Action: Tensor Fascia Lata
1. Hip flexion
| 2. Extends knee
121
Origin: Piriformis
Pelvic surface of sacrum
122
Insertion: Piriformis
Greater trochanter
123
Innervation: Piriformis
S1 and S2 in pelvis
124
Action: Piriformis
Hip external rotation
125
Origin: Obturator Internus
1. Pelvic surface of obturator membrane
| 2. Bone around foramen
126
Insertion: Obturator Internus
Greater trochanter
127
Innervation: Obturator Internus
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
128
Action: Obturator Internus
Hip external rotation
Tendon passes through lesser sciatic foramen
129
Origin: Superior Gemelli
Ischial spine
130
Insertion: Superior Gemelli
Tendon of obturator internus
131
Innervation: Superior Gemelli
Nerve to superior gemellus and obturator internus
132
Action: Superior Gemelli
Hip external rotation
133
Origin: Inferior Gemelli
Ischial tuberosity
134
Insertion: Inferior Gemelli
Tendon of obturator internus
135
Innervation: Inferior Gemelli
Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
136
Action: Inferior Gemelli
Hip external rotation
137
Origin: Quadratus Femoris
Ischial tuberosity
138
Insertion: Quadratus Femoris
Femur on line vertically distal to intertrochanteric crest
139
Innervation: Quadratus Femoris
Nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
140
Action: Quadratus Femoris
Hip external rotation
141
Origin: Biceps Femoris
Long head: ischial tuberosity
| Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
142
Insertion: Biceps Femoris
1. Head of fibula
| 2. Lateral tibial condyle
143
Innervation: Biceps Femoris
Long head: tibial part of sciatic nerve
| Short head: common peroneal part of sciatic nerve
144
Action: Biceps Femoris
1. Extends hip
2. Flexes knee
3. Strongly externally rotates leg and hip
145
Origin: Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
146
Insertion: Semitendinosus
Medial tibia, posterior to sartorius and gracilis
147
Innervation: Semitendinosus
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
148
Action: Semitendinosus
1. Extends hip
2. Flexes knee
3. Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip
149
Notes: Semitendinosus
Pes Anserinus (foot of goose) formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
Upper half is fleshy
150
Origin: Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
151
Insertion: Semimembranosus
Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
152
Innervation: Semimembranosus
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
153
Action: Semimembranosus
1. Extends hip
2. Flexes knee
3. Internally rotates leg (knee) and hip
154
Notes: Semimembranosus
Upper half is long, flat tendon
Deep to semitendinosus
Insertion has heavy lateral expansion forming oblique popliteal ligament
155
Origin: Gastrocnemius
1. Medial head to medial femoral condyle
| 2. Lateral head to lateral femoral condyle
156
Insertion: Gastrocnemius
Calcaneus via tendocalcaneus
157
Innervation: Gastrocnemius
Tibial nerve
158
Action: Gastrocnemius
1. Plantar flexion
| 2. Knee flexion
159
Notes: Gastrocnemius
Posterior compartment of leg
160
Origin: Plantaris
Lateral epicondyle of femur
161
Insertion: Plantaris
Tendocalcaneus via ribbon-like tendon
162
Innervation: Plantaris
Tibial nerve
163
Action: Plantaris
1. Very weak plantar flexion
| 2. Knee flexion
164
Notes: Plantaris
Posterior compartment of leg
165
Origin: Soleus
1. Upper fibula
2. Soleal line
3. Middle tibia
166
Insertion: Soleus
Tendocalcaneus
167
Innervation: Soleus
Tibial nerve
168
Action: Soleus
Plantar flexion
169
Notes: Soleus
Posterior compartment of leg
170
Origin: Popliteus
Lateral condyle
171
Insertion: Popliteus
Posterior tibia above soleal line
172
Innervation: Popliteus
Tibial nerve
173
Action: Popliteus
1. Flexes knee
| 2. Unlocks knee from tibial extension
174
Notes: Popliteus
Deep muscle of posterior leg
In open chain knee unlocks by medial rotation of tibia on femur
In closed chain knee unlocks by lateral rotation of femur on tibia
175
Origin: Flexor Hallucis Longus
Middle, posterior fibula
176
Insertion: Flexor Hallucis Longus
Distal phalanx of great toe
177
Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibial nerve
178
Action: Flexor Hallucis Longus
1. Flexion of great toe
| 2. Plantar flexion
179
Notes: Flexor Hallucis Longus
Deep muscle of posterior leg (most lateral)
Tendon groove in posterior talus and calcaneus
180
Origin: Tibialis Posterior
1. Tibia
2. Fibula
3. Interosseous membrane
181
Insertion: Tibialis Posterior
1. Navicular tuberosity
2. Broad tendon to
a. all cuneiforms
b. cuboid
c. 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
182
Innervation: Tibialis Posterior
Tibial nerve
183
Action: Tibialis Posterior
1. Principal forefoot inverter
| 2. Plantar flexion
184
Notes: Tibialis Posterior
Deep muscle of posterior leg (in the middle)
185
Origin: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Middle tibia
186
Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Distal phalanx of four lateral toes
187
Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibial nerve
188
Action: Flexor Digitorum Longus
1. Flexes lateral four toes
2. Weak plantar flexion
3. Forefoot inversion
189
Notes: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Deep muscle of posterior leg (most medial)
190
Origin: Abductor Hallucis
Calcaneus
191
Insertion: Abductor Hallucis
Proximal phalanx of hallux
192
Innervation: Abductor Hallucis
Medial plantar nerve
193
Action: Abductor Hallucis
Abduction of hallux
194
Notes: Abductor Hallucis
First layer
Medial plantar nerve and artery appear between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
195
Origin: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Calcaneus
196
Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Middle phalanx of toes 2-5
197
Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Medial plantar nerve
198
Action: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Flexes middle digit
199
Notes: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
First layer
Lateral plantar nerve and artery cross deep to flexor digitorum brevis to go to lateral side
200
Origin: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Calcaneus
201
Insertion: Abductor Digiti Minimi
1. Proximal phalanx of 5th toe
| 2. Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
202
Innervation: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Lateral plantar nerve
203
Action: Abductor Digiti Minimi
5th digit abduction
204
Notes: Abductor Digiti Minimi
First layer
205
Origin: Quadratus Plantae
Calcaneus
206
Insertion: Quadratus Plantae
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
207
Innervation: Quadratus Plantae
Lateral plantar nerve
208
Action: Quadratus Plantae
Corrects pull of flexor digitorum longus
209
Notes: Quadratus Plantae
Second layer
210
Origin: Lumbricals
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
211
Insertion: Lumbricals
Medial side, 4 lateral toes dorsal digital expansion
212
Innervation: Lumbricals
1. Medial plantar nerve to 1st
| 2. Lateral plantar nerve to 2nd, 3rd, 4th
213
Action: Lumbricals
Flexion of MTP joints
214
Notes: Lumbricals
Second layer
215
Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Medial plantar nerve
216
Action: Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexes hallux
217
Notes: Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Third layer
2 sesamoid bones in tendon at MTP joint
218
Innervation: Adductor Hallucis
Lateral plantar nerve
219
Action: Adductor Hallucis
Adducts hallux
220
Notes: Adductor Hallucis
Third layer
221
Innervation: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Lateral plantar nerve
222
Action: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexes 5th digit
223
Notes: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Third layer
224
Innervation: Plantar Interossei
Lateral plantar nerve
225
Action: Plantar Interossei
Adduction of lateral 3 digits
226
Notes: Plantar Interossei
Fourth layer
3 adductors of lateral 3 toes
227
Innervation: Dorsal Interossei
Lateral plantar nerve
228
Action: Dorsal Interossei
Abduction of 3 digits (second toe to either side and ABD of toes 3 and 4)
229
Notes: Dorsal Interossei
Fourth layer
4 abductors muscles:
2 to 2nd toe, 1 to 3rd and 1 to 4th toes
Axis of foot is 2nd toe
Arise from adjacent metatarsals
