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Anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

0
Q

Obturator internus

A

O: obturator membrane
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to obturator internus
F: externally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur

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1
Q

piriformis

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter
Inv: branches of L5, S1, S2
F: externally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur

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2
Q

Gemellus superior

A

O: external surface of ischial spine
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to obturator internus
F: externally rotates the extended femur and abducts the flexed femur

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3
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

O: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to quadratus femoris
F: externally rotates the extended femur and abducts the flexed femur

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4
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle
Inv: nerve to quadratus femoris
F: externally rotates femur at hip joint

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5
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

O: ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: abducts the femur at the hip jt
holds pelvis secure over stance leg
prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking
internally rotates thigh

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6
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: abducts the femur at the hip jt
holds pelvis secure over stance leg
prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking
internally rotates thigh

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7
Q

Gluteus maximus

A 
O: ilium behind posterior gluteal line
I: IT band, gluteal tuberosity
Inv: inferior gluteal nerve
F: extensor of flexed femur at hip
lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint
external rotates and abducts thigh
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8
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

O: ilium between ASIS and tubercle of the crest
I: IT band
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: stabilize the knee in extension

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9
Q

Psoas major

A

O: lumbar transverse process from T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter
Inv: Anterior Rami L1, L2, L3 (nerve to psoas major)
F: Flexes the hip

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10
Q

Iliacus

A

O: posterior abdominal wall
I: lesser trochanter
Inv: femoral nerve
F: flexes the hip

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11
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee

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12
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee

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13
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: lateral lip of the linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee

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14
Q

Rectus femoris

A 
O: Straight head: AIIS   
Reflected head: ilium just superior to acetabulum
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: flexes the hip and extends the knee
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15
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS
I: medial surface of the tibia
Inv: femoral nerve
F: flexes the hip, flexes the knee, externally rotates thigh

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16
Q

Gracilis

A

O: external surface of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus, and ramus of the ischium
I: medial surface of the proximal shaft of the tibia
Inv: obturator nerve
F: Adducts hip and flexes knee

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17
Q

Pectineus

A

O: pectineal line and adjacent bone of pelvis
I: linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Inv: femoral nerve
F: Adducts and flexes hip

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18
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: external surface of the body of the pubis
I: linea aspera on the middle 1/3 shaft of the femur
Inv: obturator nerve
F: Adducts and internally rotates thigh at hip joint

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19
Q

Adductor brevis

A

O: external surface of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus
I: posterior surface of proximal 1/3 of linea aspera
Inv: obturator nerve
F: adducts thigh at hip joint

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20
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Inv: Adductor part: obturator nerve
Hamstring part: sciatic nerve
F: Adducts and Internally rotates thigh at hip joint

21
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
I: trochanteric fossa
Inv: obturator nerve
F: externally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

22
Q

Biceps femoris

A 
O: long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia
Inv: sciatic nerve
F: flexes and ER leg at knee joint
extends and ER thigh at hip joint
23
Q

Semitendonosis

A 
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of proximal tibia
Inv: sciatic nerve
F: flexes and IR knee
extends and IR hip
24
Q

Semimembranosus

A 
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
Inv: sciatic nerve
F: flexes and IR knee
extends and IR hip
25
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Medial head- posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle
Lateral head- upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

26
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of the femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

27
Q

Soleus

A

O: Soleal line and posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

28
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral femoral condyle
I: poterior surface of proximal tibia
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)
Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)

29
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

O: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Tibial N.
F: flexes great toe and plantarflexes foot

30
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: medial side of posterior surface of tibia
I: plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Flexes lateral four toes

31
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
I: Tuberosity of navicular and adjacent surface of medial cuneiform
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking

32
Q

Fibularis longus

A

O: Upper lateral surface of fibula, fibular head, and occasionally the lateral tibial condyle
I: Undersurface of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Inv: Superficial fibular nerve
F: Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot

33
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

O: Lower 2/3 lateral surface of shaft of fibula
I: lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal V
Inv: superficial fibular nerve
F: eversion of foot

34
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

O: lateral surface of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces of base of metatarsal I
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial arch of foot

35
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

O: Middle 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot

36
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

O: Proximal 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle
I: via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot

37
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

O: Distal part of medial surface of fibula
I: Dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal V
Inv: deep fibular nerve
F: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

38
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: Lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes II to IV
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of toes II to IV

39
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of MTP joint of great toe

40
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: abducts and flexes great toe at MTP joint

41
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponerosis
I: sides of plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Inv: Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes lateral four toes at PIP joint

42
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

O: lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity, and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of metatarsal V
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: abducts little toe at the MTP joint

43
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

O: Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus in proximal sole of the foot
Inv: lateral plantar nerve form the tibial nerve
F: Assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to V

44
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: First lumbrical - medial side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus associated with toe II; second, third, and fourth lumbricals - adjacent surfaces of adjacent tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial free margins of extensor hoods of toes II to V
Inv: First lumbrical - medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
Second, third, and fourth lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexion of MTP joints and extension of IP joints

45
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

O: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibialis posterior
I: lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
Inv: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes MTP joint of the great toe

46
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

O:Transverse head - ligaments associated with MTP joints of lateral three toes
Oblique head - bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibularis longus
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: Adducts great toe at MTP joint

47
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes little toe at MTP joint

48
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

O: Sides of adjacent metatarsals
I: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes II to IV
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve; first and second dorsal interossei also innervated by deep fibular nerve
F: Adduction of toes II to IV at MTP joint; resist extension of MTP joints and flexion of IP joints

49
Q

Plantar interossei

A

O: Medial sides of metatarsals of toes III to V
I: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes III to V
Inv: Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve
Adduction of toes III to V at MTP joints; resist extension of the MTP joints and flexion of the IP joints

Anatomy (5 decks)

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