Lower Extremity Flashcards
Obturator internus
O: obturator membrane
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to obturator internus
F: externally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur
piriformis
O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter
Inv: branches of L5, S1, S2
F: externally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur
Gemellus superior
O: external surface of ischial spine
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to obturator internus
F: externally rotates the extended femur and abducts the flexed femur
Gemellus inferior
O: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: medial side of greater trochanter
Inv: nerve to quadratus femoris
F: externally rotates the extended femur and abducts the flexed femur
Quadratus femoris
O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle
Inv: nerve to quadratus femoris
F: externally rotates femur at hip joint
Gluteus minimus
O: ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: abducts the femur at the hip jt
holds pelvis secure over stance leg
prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking
internally rotates thigh
Gluteus medius
O: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: abducts the femur at the hip jt
holds pelvis secure over stance leg
prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking
internally rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus
O: ilium behind posterior gluteal line I: IT band, gluteal tuberosity Inv: inferior gluteal nerve F: extensor of flexed femur at hip lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint external rotates and abducts thigh
Tensor fascia lata
O: ilium between ASIS and tubercle of the crest
I: IT band
Inv: superior gluteal nerve
F: stabilize the knee in extension
Psoas major
O: lumbar transverse process from T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter
Inv: Anterior Rami L1, L2, L3 (nerve to psoas major)
F: Flexes the hip
Iliacus
O: posterior abdominal wall
I: lesser trochanter
Inv: femoral nerve
F: flexes the hip
Vastus medialis
O: medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee
Vastus intermedius
O: upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee
Vastus lateralis
O: lateral lip of the linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
I: quadriceps tendon
Inv: femoral nerve
F: extends the knee
Rectus femoris
O: Straight head: AIIS Reflected head: ilium just superior to acetabulum I: quadriceps tendon Inv: femoral nerve F: flexes the hip and extends the knee
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: medial surface of the tibia
Inv: femoral nerve
F: flexes the hip, flexes the knee, externally rotates thigh
Gracilis
O: external surface of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus, and ramus of the ischium
I: medial surface of the proximal shaft of the tibia
Inv: obturator nerve
F: Adducts hip and flexes knee
Pectineus
O: pectineal line and adjacent bone of pelvis
I: linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Inv: femoral nerve
F: Adducts and flexes hip
Adductor longus
O: external surface of the body of the pubis
I: linea aspera on the middle 1/3 shaft of the femur
Inv: obturator nerve
F: Adducts and internally rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor brevis
O: external surface of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus
I: posterior surface of proximal 1/3 of linea aspera
Inv: obturator nerve
F: adducts thigh at hip joint
Adductor Magnus
O: Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Inv: Adductor part: obturator nerve
Hamstring part: sciatic nerve
F: Adducts and Internally rotates thigh at hip joint
Obturator externus
O: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
I: trochanteric fossa
Inv: obturator nerve
F: externally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
Biceps femoris
O: long head: ischial tuberosity short head: lateral lip of linea aspera I: head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia Inv: sciatic nerve F: flexes and ER leg at knee joint extends and ER thigh at hip joint
Semitendonosis
O: ischial tuberosity I: medial surface of proximal tibia Inv: sciatic nerve F: flexes and IR knee extends and IR hip
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: posterior surface of medial tibial condyle Inv: sciatic nerve F: flexes and IR knee extends and IR hip
Gastrocnemius
O: Medial head- posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle
Lateral head- upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Plantaris
O: Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of the femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Soleus
O: Soleal line and posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
I: via calcaneal tendon, to the posterior surface of calcaneus
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Popliteus
O: Lateral femoral condyle
I: poterior surface of proximal tibia
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)
Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)
Flexor hallucis longus
O: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Tibial N.
F: flexes great toe and plantarflexes foot
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: medial side of posterior surface of tibia
I: plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Flexes lateral four toes
Tibialis Posterior
O: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
I: Tuberosity of navicular and adjacent surface of medial cuneiform
Inv: Tibial N.
F: Inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking
Fibularis longus
O: Upper lateral surface of fibula, fibular head, and occasionally the lateral tibial condyle
I: Undersurface of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Inv: Superficial fibular nerve
F: Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot
Fibularis brevis
O: Lower 2/3 lateral surface of shaft of fibula
I: lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal V
Inv: superficial fibular nerve
F: eversion of foot
Tibialis anterior
O: lateral surface of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces of base of metatarsal I
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial arch of foot
Extensor hallucis longus
O: Middle 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot
Extensor digitorum longus
O: Proximal 1/2 of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle
I: via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot
Fibularis tertius
O: Distal part of medial surface of fibula
I: Dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal V
Inv: deep fibular nerve
F: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
O: Superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: Lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes II to IV
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of toes II to IV
Extensor hallucis brevis
O: Superolateral surface of the calcaneus
I: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Deep fibular nerve
F: extension of MTP joint of great toe
Abductor hallucis
O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: abducts and flexes great toe at MTP joint
Flexor digitorum brevis
O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponerosis
I: sides of plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Inv: Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes lateral four toes at PIP joint
Abductor digiti minimi
O: lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity, and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of metatarsal V
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: abducts little toe at the MTP joint
Quadratus plantae
O: Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus in proximal sole of the foot
Inv: lateral plantar nerve form the tibial nerve
F: Assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to V
Lumbricals
O: First lumbrical - medial side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus associated with toe II; second, third, and fourth lumbricals - adjacent surfaces of adjacent tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial free margins of extensor hoods of toes II to V
Inv: First lumbrical - medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
Second, third, and fourth lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexion of MTP joints and extension of IP joints
Flexor hallucis brevis
O: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibialis posterior
I: lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
Inv: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes MTP joint of the great toe
Adductor hallucis
O:Transverse head - ligaments associated with MTP joints of lateral three toes
Oblique head - bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibularis longus
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: Adducts great toe at MTP joint
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve
F: flexes little toe at MTP joint
Dorsal Interossei
O: Sides of adjacent metatarsals
I: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes II to IV
Inv: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve; first and second dorsal interossei also innervated by deep fibular nerve
F: Adduction of toes II to IV at MTP joint; resist extension of MTP joints and flexion of IP joints
Plantar interossei
O: Medial sides of metatarsals of toes III to V
I: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes III to V
Inv: Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve
Adduction of toes III to V at MTP joints; resist extension of the MTP joints and flexion of the IP joints
