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MSK and Sport Injuries > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

talocrural joint
1. comp
2. action

A
  1. tibia and fibula form the mortise articulating with the dome of the talus, strong bony congruency (stability)
  2. plantarflexion and dorsiflexion as the talus rocks against the mortise
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2
Q

subtalar joint
1. comp
2. action

A
  1. concave bottom of the talus supported by the convex sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus
  2. rock side to side for eversion and inversion
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3
Q

lateral ligaments of the ankle

A
  1. ant talofibular lig attach from talus to lat malleolus on fibula, prevent inversion during plantarflexion
  2. calcaneal fibular lig connect lat calcaneus to bottom of lat malleuous, prevent inversion at neutral
  3. post talofibular lig attach post talus to post fibula, prevent inversion with dorsiflexion
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4
Q

medial ligaments of the ankle

A

broad ligament, limited eversion comp inversion, harder to sprain
1. anterior talotibular lig from medial talus to medial malleolus
2. tibionavicular lig from med malleous to navicular, limit eversion during plantarflexion
3. tibiocalcaneal lig from med malleolus to sustentaculum tali, limit eversion during neutral
4. post talotibular lig from lat malleolus to post talus, limit everson during dorsiflexion

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5
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint

A

limited motion since it is held together by strong ant, transverse, and post tibiofibular lig to form mortise of talocrural joint

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6
Q

medial long arch
1. bones
2. soft tissues
3. actions

A
  1. calcaneus, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, and metarsal 1
  2. supported by plantar calcaneonavicular lig, highly elastic allows for recoil into supination (raised arch, rigidity for propulsion) and plantar aponeurosis from calcaneus inferior tuberosity to base of prox phalanges is streatched during pronation (flatten arch) and relaxed in supination
  3. supinate during inversion, pronate during eversion
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7
Q

lat long arch

A

shallower than med arch, formed by calcaneus, cuboid and 5th metatarsal

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8
Q

anterior compartment of the leg

A
  1. tibialis ant along ant surface of the tibia insert at base of 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform for inversion, supination, and dorsiflexion
  2. extensor hallucis longus from ant fibula to dorsal side of the distal phalange of the hallux for dorsiflexion and extension of the hallux
  3. extensor digitorum longus from lat side fibula crossing down tibia into dorsal side distal phalanges 2-5 for dorsiflexion and extension of the hallux
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9
Q

deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

originate from the posterior head of the tibia and the base of the fibula and interosseous membrane and the tendons wrap around the medial malleolus
1. tibialis posterior inserts on the navicular, cuneiforms, and the base of metatarsals 2-4 to invert, supination (esp when plantarflexed), and plantarflex
2. flexor hallucis longus inserts on the plantar distal phalanges of the hallux to invert, supination (esp when plantarflexed), and plantarflex
3. flexor digitorum longus inserts on plantar distal phalanges 2-5 to invert, supination (esp when plantarflexed), and plantarflex

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10
Q

superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A
  1. gastrocnemius medial and lat heads originate on the epicondyles and inserts into Achielles’ tendon into calcaneal tuberosity for flexion of the knee and plantarflexion
  2. soleus broad and flat originate from the post tibia and fibula and insert as Achielles’ tendon for plantarflexion
  3. plantaris originate above lat epicondyle of femur and insert into Achielles’ tendon for flexion of the knee and plantarflexion
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11
Q

lateral compartment of the leg

A

originate on lat fibula and wrap around lat malleolus
1. fibularis/peroneus longus along plantar surface to insert on the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform for eversion and plantarflexion
2. fibularis brevis insert on base of 5th metatarsal for plantarflexion and eversion
3. fibularis/peroneus tertius originate on ant surface of distal fibula and insert on 5th metatarsal for weak dorsiflexion and eversion

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12
Q

patellar-femoral joint

A
  1. where patella meet femur, connected to tibia at tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament and embedded in quadriceps tendon
  2. superior patellar translation during extension is limited by ACL attaching from ant intercondyle area on tibia to lat femoral condyle to limit int rotation
  3. inferior patellar translation during flexion is limited by PCL attaching from post intercondyle area on tibia to med femoral condyle to limit ext rotation
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13
Q

varus

A

opens up the lat side of knee, LCL prevents varus, compress medial meniscus

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14
Q

valgus

A

opens up the med side of knee, MCL prevents valgus, compress lateral meniscus

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15
Q

ant compartment of the knee

A

all merge into quadriceps tendon attaching to patella to extend leg
1. rectus femoris originate from AIIS to extend knee and flex hip
2. vastus lateralis originate on greater trochanterand lat lip of linea asepa to extend knee
3. vastus medialis originate fromt he medial lip of linea aspera to extend knee
4. vastus intermedius originate on the ant and lat surface of femur to extend the knee

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16
Q

pez anserine muscles

A

all insert on pez anserine on the medial side of the tibial tuberosity
1. sartorius originate from ASIS to flex hip, flex knee, abduct hip, ext rot hip, and int rot knee
2. gracillis originate near pubic symphysis to med rot and flex knee, adduction and flex hip
3.Semitendinosus from ischial tuberosity to flex knee and int rot knee and ext hip

17
Q

post compartment of the knee

A

all originate from ischial tuberosity to flex knee and ext hip
1. lat side biceps femoris, short and long head insert on fibular head for lat rotation of knee
2. med side semiteninousus prominent tendon inserting on pez anserine for medial rot of knee
3. semimembranosus on med side, deep to tendinosus is broad, insert on post side of medial tibia condyle for medial rotation of knee

18
Q

femoroacetabular joint

A

acetabulum sits on the femur, acetabular labrum is fibrocartilageous tissues creating seal around anatomical head of femur
1. iliofemoral lig from inf AIIS, around roof of acetabulum to femor at intertrochantic line, limit ext rot and ext of hip
2. ischiofemoral lig from post ischium over neck of femur to intertrochanteric line to limit int rotation during flexion of the hip
3. pubofemoral lig form sup pubic ramus to intertrochanteric line to limit abduction during extension

19
Q

med compartment of the hip

A
  1. adductor magnus on post side originate from pubis and insert on medial lip of linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity and adductor tubercle of the medial condyle of femur to extend and adduct hip
  2. pectineus most ant and superior off sup pubic ramus to pectineal line below lesser trochanter to flex and adduct hip
  3. adductor longus originate on pubis to insert on med lip of linea aspera for hip flex and adduct
  4. adductor brevis originate on pubis and insert on pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera to flex and adduct hip
20
Q

superifical glutes + TFL

A
  1. gluteus maximus originate on pot iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx to insert on gluteal tuberosity and ilitotibial band to ext, ext rot, abduct hip
  2. gluteus minimus most deep, originate along lat aspect of ilium and insert on lat greater trochanter, post fibres ext and ext rotate hip, ant fibres flex and int rotate hip, abduction
  3. gluteus medius under maximus along iliac crest to post greater trochanter, post fibres ext and ext rotate hip, ant fibres flex and int rotate hip,
  4. tensor fascia latate orginate from ant iliac crest and ASIS to merge into IT band to flex, abduct, and int rot hip
  5. IT band from iliac crest to lat tibial condyle
21
Q

deep glutes + iliopsosa

A
  1. piriformis originate on the ant sacrum thorugh greater sciatic foramen to greater trochanter to abduct and ext rot
  2. obturator internus orginate from obturator membrane on obturator foramen to insert on the greater trochanter to ext rot
  3. quadratus femoris originate on ischila tuberosity to quadrate tubercle below greater trochanter to ext rot
  4. gemellus superior originate above obturator internus from post ischium to insert on greater trochanter to ext rot
  5. iliopsosa is conjoined tendon of iliacus originating on inside of ilium and psoas form sides of lumbar vertebrae; join after passing inguinal lig and insert on lesser trochanter for hip flexion and ext rot

MSK and Sport Injuries (13 decks)

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