Lower Extremities Flashcards
A fascial tunnel in the thigh running from the aprx of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of adductor magnus muscle
Hunter’s Canal/ Adductor Canal
Contents:
femoral artery/vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Largest nerve in the body
Sciatic nerve
From L4-S3
Supplies no structures in the gluteal region, skin of the foot & leg, posterior thigh muscles
A patient walks with a waddling gait that is characterized by the pelvis falling toward one side at each step. What nerve is involved?
Superior Gluteal
What is the action and nerve supply of the following thigh & gluteal muscles:
- Anterior compartment
- Medial compartment
- Posterior compartment
Anterior compartment
- action: flexion
- nerve supply: femoral n
Medial compartment
- action adduction
- nerve obturator n
Posterior compartment
- extension
- sciatic n
Action and nerve supply of
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius and minimus
Gluteus maximus
- extension and weak lateral rotation
- nerve supply: inferior gluteal
Gluteus medius and minimus
- abduction and medial rotation
- nerve: superior gluteal n.
Strongest flexor of the thigh
Iliopsoas muscle
What are the anterior muscles its nerve innervation and action
Anterior muscles Tibialis anterior Ext digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Ext hallucis longus Ext digitorum brevis
Deep peroneal nerve
Dorsiflexion and extension
What are the lateral leg muscles, nerve innervation and action
Muscles:
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Nerve: superficial peroneal nerve
Action: eversion and weak plantarflexion
What are the posterior leg muscles, its innervation and action
Muscles Superficial group - gastrocnemius - plantaris - soleus
Deep group
- popliteus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis lobgus
- tibialis posterior
Nerve: tibial nerve
Action: plantarflexion and flexion
What are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve
At the popliteal fossa, the sciatic nerve divides into the tibial nerve that travels down the posterior compartment and the common peroneal nerve that travels down the anterior and lateral components of leg into the foot
Tendon reflexes
- biceps brachii tendon
- brachioradialis
- triceps brachii
- patellar tendon
- achilles tendon
Tendon reflexes
- biceps brachii tendon - C5
- brachioradialis - C6
- triceps brachii - C7
- patellar tendon - L4
- achilles tendon- S1
Supplies the skin on the anteromedial surface of the leg
SAPHENOUS NERVE
Supplies the skin on the lower part of the posterolateral surface of the leg
SURAL NERVE
- branch of the tibial nerve
The nerve commonly injured in “foot drop”
Common peroneal nerve
- most frequently injured nerve in the lower limb
- FOOTDROP - loss of dorsiflexion at the ankle and loss of eversion
- STEPPAGE GAIT - raise the affected leg high off the ground and the foot slaps the ground when walking
The unhappy triad of O’ Donoghue
ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus
