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Biomechanics II > Lower Cervical > Flashcards

Lower Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the nucleus of the disc located in the lower cervical

A

slightly posterior to center

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2
Q

What is the SROM of the flexion/extension for lower cervicals

A

average of 15˚ per segment
Greatest in mid cervicals
lowest at C7-T1

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3
Q

What is the IAR for flexion/extension of the lower cervicals

A

anterior portion of the subadjacent vertebra

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4
Q

What is the pattern of motion during flexion/extension in the lower cervicals

A

coupled translation is greater in the upper cervical spine than in the lower which gives the lower a steeper arch compared to the upper

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5
Q

What happens as the facet slide apart/together in flexion/extension

A

Flexion: stretching, gapping
Extension: maximal compression at the inferior margins, with som distraction at the superior margins

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6
Q

Whats the SROM for lower cervicals in lateral flexion

A

7-8˚

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7
Q

Whats the pattern of motion for lateral flexion in the lower cervicals

A

Lateral bending coupled with ipsilateral axial rotation

–degree of coupled rotation decreases in a cephalic to caudal direction

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8
Q

What happens at the joint articulation of the lower cervicals during lateral flexion

A

inferior facet glides down and medially on the side of lateral flexion, and up and laterally on the contralateral side

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9
Q

What is the SROM of rotation in the lower cervicals

A

7˚

This significantly decreases at C7-T1

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10
Q

What is the IAR for rotation of the lower cervicals

A

contralateral subadjacent vertebral body

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11
Q

What is the pattern of motion in rotation of the lower cervicals

A

Predominately axial rotation coupled with ipsilateral lateral flexion
–though not as strong as the coupled rotation noted with cervical lateral flexion

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12
Q

What occurs at the joint articulation during rotation of the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral inferior facet rides down and medially

contralateral inferior facet rides up and laterally

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13
Q

What is the normal movement that causes movement in the cervical spine

A

movement of the head

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14
Q

What muscles initiate flexion of the lower cervicals

A

concentric activity of the anterior cervical muscles

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15
Q

What muscles control flexion in the cervical spine

A

eccentric activity of the semispinalis, longissimus, and splenius

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16
Q

What limits flexion in the lower cervicals

A 
eccentric motion from posterior muscles
elastic limits of myofascial tissue
ligaments
joint capsule
posterior IVD distraction
anterior IVD compression
chin hitting chest
17
Q

What muscles initiate extension of the lower cervicals

A

concentric activity of posterior cervical muscles

18
Q

What controls the extension of the lower cervicals

A

eccentric activity of SCM, scaleni, and longus capitis

19
Q

What limits extension in the lower cervicals

A 
eccentric activity of the anterior muscles
elastic limits of myofascial tissue
anterior IVD distraction
posterior IVD distraction
ALL
Joint capsule
facet joint approximation
20
Q

What initiates lateral flexion in the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral concentric contraction of the lateral flexors

21
Q

What is lateral flexion of the lower cervicals controlled by

A

contralateral eccentric contraction of lateral flexors

22
Q

What limits lateral flexion of the lower cervicals

A 
contralateral eccentric muscle activity
elastic limits of the myofascial tissue
tension of contralateral joint capsule
contralateral IVD distraction
Ipsilateral IVD compression
Ipsilateral facet joint approximation
23
Q

What initiates rotation of the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral splenius capitis, cervicis, and longissimus cervicis
contralateral semispinalis cervicis, SCM

24
Q

What controls rotationof the lower cervicals

A

contralateral spenius capitis and cervicis, longissimus cervicis
ipsilateral semispinalis cervicis, scaleni, and SCM

25
Q

What limits rotation of the lower cervicals

A

capsular and periarticular ligaments
segmental muscles
facet joints

26
Q

What muscles produce contralateral rotation

A

multifidus, rotatores

Biomechanics II (6 decks)

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