Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics II > Chapter 4-- Thoracic > Flashcards

Chapter 4-- Thoracic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the Ribs

A

stabilizers of the spine
decrease general mobility of the thoracics
protect the thoracic viscera
function in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does the thoracic spine have more or less pain syndromes or traumatic injuries

A 
no, exceptions to this:
scoliosis
postural myofacial pain syndrome
kyphosis (scheurmanns disease)
compression fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What shape are the the throracic vertebrae bodies

A

wedge shaped– leads to kyphotic curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What site on the thoracic spine is the common site of anomaly

A

The SP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the location of the SPs to TPs from T1-4 and T8-12

A

up 1 interspinous and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the location of the SPs to the TPs from T5-7

A

Up 2 interspinous and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the disc:vertebral body height ratio in the thoracic spine

A

1:5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does this low ratio lead to

A

Decreased flexibility in the thoracic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What angles are formed by the articular facets in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane

A

Horizontal: 60
Vertical: 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the shapes of the articular facets

A

Flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What direction do the superior facets face

A

Posterolateral and superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What direction do the inferior facets face

A

anteromedial and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which ribs articulate in some kind of costochondral joint

A

R1-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which ribs articulate directly with the sternum

A

R1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the range of kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine

A

25-45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What provides extra stiffness to the thoracic spine

A

rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What rib adds the most stiffness to the thoracic spine

A

rib 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many more times stiffer is the thoracic spine with the ribs

A

2.5 times more stiff

4 times more resistant to compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the GROM of flexion in the thoracics

A

50 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the GROM of extension in the thoracics

A

not included in the AMA guideline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which direction does the SROM of the increase in thoracics with flexion

A

S->I
4 degree upper
6 degrees middle
12 degrees lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the IAR for the flexion of thoracics

A

central superior portion of the subadjacent body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the IAR of extension in the thoracics

A

central inferior portion of the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which direction does the disc bulge and retract during movement

A

bulges on the concave side

retracts on the convex side

25
Q

What is the GROM during lateral flexion of the thoracics

A

38 degrees to each side

26
Q

What is the trend from SROM in the thoracics during lateral flexion

A

generally uniform with slight increase in lower thoracics
T1-9: 6 degrees
T10-12: 8-9 degrees

27
Q

What is the IAR of lateral flexion in the thoracics for lateral flexion

A

contralateral subadjacent vertebral body

28
Q

What are the patterns of movement in the upper thoracics for lateral flexion

A

Lateral flexion is coupled with rotation to the same side

SPs rotate to the convexity

29
Q

What is the pattern of motion in the mid thoracics for lateral flexion

A

minimal coupled movement

slight coupled rotation may go in either direction

30
Q

What is the pattern of motion in the lower thoracics for lateral flexion

A

coupled rotation may go in either direction

31
Q

Is there a significant shift in the nucleus during lateral flexion of the thoracics

A

No

32
Q

In the upper thoracics what does the coupled motion mean for arthrokinematics for lateral flexion

A

additional lateral glide of inferior facet on the contralateral side and medial glide on the ipsilateral side

33
Q

What is the GROM for rotation in the thoracics

A

74 degrees total

34
Q

What is the trend for SROM in rotation of the thoracics

A

uniform until the last 3-4 lower segments
T1-9: 7-9 degrees
T10-12: 2 degrees

35
Q

What is the IAR for rotation of the thoracics

A

contralateral center of the corresponding vertebral body

36
Q

What is the pattern of motion in the upper thoracics for rotation

A

rotation coupled with minimal lateral flexion to the same side

This coupling diminishes in the mid and lower thoracics

37
Q

What occurs arthrokinematically on the side of rotation in the thoracics

A

facet opens and inferior facet glides medially and inferiorly

38
Q

What occurs arthrokinematically on the opposite side of rotation in the thoracics

A

facets approximate and the inferior facet glides laterally and superiorly

39
Q

What are the two movements of the rib cage during respiration

A

bucket handle

pump handle

40
Q

What happens during the bucket handle phase of rib movement

A

increase the transverse diameter of the rib cage by elevating the rib and its costochondral arch

41
Q

Which ribs is the bucket handle movement the greatest

A

lower ribs

42
Q

What is occurring in the pump handle movement in the ribs

A

increase the A-P diameter of the rib cage by elevating the anterior aspect of the rib cage with the upward and forward movement of the sternum

43
Q

Which ribs is the pump handle movement the greatest

A

the upper ribs

44
Q

What happens to ribs during lateral flexion

A

ribs open on the convex side

ribs close on the concave side

45
Q

What happens to the ribs during rotation

A

Movement occurs at both ant/post joints
angle accentuation on side of rotation
angle flattens on side opposite rotation

46
Q

What happens to the rib cage during flexion

A

rib cage flattens superiorly and inferiorly decreasing the sternal angle
the A-P angle diameter increases

47
Q

When watching GROM for lateral flexion in the rib cage what are we looking for

A

normal C shape curve

observe for broken stick appearance

48
Q

Why is the cervical spine a common site of injury

A

flexible rod between the stable thoracic spine and head

49
Q

What is the cervical spine rich in

A

proprio- and mechanoreceptors for righting reflexes

50
Q

What is the normal lordotic curve of the cervical spine

A

30-40˚

51
Q

What are the potential effects of a hyperlordotic curve

A

posterior disc compression
tensile strength anteriorly to the disc and myofascial structures
shortening of posterior musculature
possible predisposition to facet syndrome

52
Q

What are common causes for a hypolordotic curve

A

Hyperplastic pillars (congenital)
Compensation for flat back posture
Result of CAD trauma (post traumatic)
Acute Facet Syndrome (antalgic)

53
Q

What are the potential effects of a hypolordotic curve

A

Increased compression of the anterior disc
prolonged tensile strength on posterior ligaments
Increased workload on paravertebral mm
shortening of anterior cervical muscles
decreased shock absorption
protective muscle splinting

54
Q

What is the GROM for flexion in the cervical spine

A

60˚

55
Q

What is the GROM for extension in the cervical spine

A

75˚

56
Q

What is the GROM for lateral flexion in the cervical spine

A

45˚ to each side

57
Q

What is the GROM for rotation of the cervical spine

A

80˚

58
Q

What do the cervical segmental muscles do

A

coordinate and integrate segmental motion acting as involuntary integrators of overall movement

59
Q

What do cervical non-segmental muscles do

A

produce integrated global movement as a result of the heads moving in relation to the trunk

Biomechanics II (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions