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GI Week 3 > Lower Abdominal Cavity II > Flashcards

Lower Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

The ductus (vas) deferens emerges from the deep inguinal ring and passes posteriorly along the lateral pelvic wall behind what?

A

the bladder

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2
Q

The dilated terminal end of the ductus deferens is what?

A

the ampulla

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3
Q

The duct of the seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form what?

A

the ejaculatory duct

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4
Q

Are the seminal vesicles located laterally or medially to the ampulla?

A

laterally

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5
Q

What does the seminal vesicle add to the semen? Why?

A

fructose and alkaline fluid - to maintain mobility of the sperm

fructose for ATP production and alkaline fluid to neutralize acid in female reproductive tract

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6
Q

The ejaculatory ducts descend obliquely thorugh what to enter the urethra?

A

the prostate gland

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7
Q

Describe the prostate gland. WHat does it sit on?

A

It’s a fibromuscular glandular organ that lies inferior to the neck of the bladder resting on the UG diaphragm

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8
Q

What does the prostate do?

A

it secretes prostatic fluid, a milky alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the vaginal tract and liquefies the semen via the enzyme PSA, increasing the lifespan of sperm and improving changes for pregnancy

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9
Q

Describe how prostate cancer can metastasize?

A

metastasis can occur via connections to the valveless vertebral venous plexus or to the internal iliac veins - most common to bone, lungs and liver

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10
Q

Contraction of what under sympathetic conrtol prevents urination during ejaculation?

A

internal urethral sphincter (within the prostate)

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11
Q

What are the 4 zone classifications of the prostate?

A

central
transitional
peripheral
anterior fibromuscular

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12
Q

What cells are involved in BPH?

A

stromal and epithelial tissues of the periurethral and transitional zones

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13
Q

Can BPH be palated from the rectum?

A

no

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14
Q

How does BPH present?

A

difficult but frequent urination, nocturia, decreased/intermittent force of stram or ssensation of incomplete bladder emptying

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15
Q

The peipheral zone is mostly glandular tissue which is why it has the highest incidence of what?

A

prostatic carcinoma

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16
Q

Can prostatic carcinoma be palpated by digital rectal exam?

A

yes

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

A

prostatic - in prostate
membranous - in UG diaphragm
penile (spongy) - within the penis

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18
Q

What are the divisions of the uterus?

A

fundus
body
cervix

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19
Q

What are the two openings of the cervical canal?

A

internal ox

external ox

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20
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A

endometrium inside
myometrium is the thick smooth muscle
perimetrium is periteonum and connective tissue

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21
Q

What are the two potential normal positions of the uterus?

A

anteversion - when the axis of the cervix forms a 90 degree angle with the axis of the vagina

anteflexion - uterus is bent forward on itself at the level of the internal oss to form a 170 degree angle

22
Q

What position is the uterus in when the bladder is full?

A

retroverted - inclined posteriorly

23
Q

The body of the uterus is enclosed between layers of what?

A

broad ligament

24
Q

The close relationship between what two structures is very improtant during hysterectomy?

A

ureter to the uterine artery

the utereter crosses under the uterine artery near the cervix so can be easily injured during hysterectomy

25
Q

What part of the broad ligament surrounds the fallopian tubes?

A

mesosalpinx

26
Q

The fallopian tubes connect the uterine cavity to what?

A

the periteonal cavity

27
Q

What is the name for the lateral extremity of the fallopian tube with fimbriae over the ovary?

A

infundibulum

a

28
Q

What is widest and longest part of the fallopian tube?

A

ampulla

29
Q

What’s the narrowst part of the fallopian tube?

A

isthmus

30
Q

What part of the fallopian tube pierces the uterine wall?

A

hte intramural portion

31
Q

Where in the fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur?

A

ampulla

32
Q

What part of the broad ligament attaches the ovary?

A

the mesovarium

33
Q

What is the depression on the lateral pelvic wall in which the ovaries lie?

A

the ovarian fossa

34
Q

What structure transmits vessels and lymphatics to the ovary from the abdomen?

A

the suspensory ligament of the ovary

35
Q

What is the round ligament of the ovary a remnant of? what does it do?

A

upper part of the gubernaculum

attaches the ovary to the uterus

36
Q

What covers the ovary? Why is this special?

A

it’s not covered by peritoneum like the rest - it’s covered by germinal epithelium which is continuous with the mesothelium of the mesovarium.

37
Q

Where is the ovum actually expelled?

A

into the peritoneal cavity

38
Q

THe vaginal lumen surrounding the cervix is divided into what four regions?

A

the fornices: anterior, posterior, right lateral and left lateral

39
Q

At hat angle is the vagina usually oriented?

A

40-60 degrees from the horizontal

40
Q

What is culdocentesis?

A

when a long thin needle is inserted through the posterior fornix of the vagina into the rectouterine pouch to determine the presence of fluid

41
Q

The vessels of the pelvis are mostly branches of what artery?

A

the internal iliac artery

42
Q

THe anterior division of the internal iliac artery gives off what branches?

A 
umbilical artery
obturator artery
uterine artery
vaginal or inferior vesical artery
middle rectal
internal pudendal
inferior gluteal
43
Q

What does the umbilical artery become?

A

th medial umbilical ligament

44
Q

What ar ethe three branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

superior gluteal
lateral sacral
iliolumbar

45
Q

What line indicates the embryonic division between the part of the gut derived from hindgut and that derived from proctodeum?

A

pectinate line

46
Q

What are the shallow depression in the endothelium where anal glands open?

A

crypts

47
Q

What are the folks of endothelium overlying superior rectal veins?

A

anal columns

48
Q

What is the site where the rectum turns back to become the anal canal, consisting of fiber sof the puborectalis, itnernal and external anal sphicnters?

A

anoretal ring

49
Q

What are the folds of muscular layer sand mucosa that are not true valves but do slow the movement of feces through the rectum?

A

transverse rectal folds

50
Q

What innervates the internal anal sphincter?

A

autonomic fibers

51
Q

What innervates the external anal sphincter?

A

rectal branches of the pudendal nerve

GI Week 3 (15 decks)

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