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GI Week 3 > Lower Abdominal Cavity I > Flashcards

Lower Abdominal Cavity I Flashcards

1
Q

WHat forms the bony pelvis/pelvic girdle/

A

the paried os coxae = ilium, ischium, pubic, sacrum and coccyx

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2
Q

The pelvic brin is used to demarcate the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity even though they are continuous. What forms the brim?

A

sacral promntory and ala
iliopectineal lines
symphysis pubis

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3
Q

What’s the false pelvis?

A

part of the abdominal cavity that supports the abdominal organs

also called the major pelvis

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4
Q

What’s the true pelvis?

A

the minor pelvis - includes the pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet and pelvic cavity

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the symphysis pubis?

A

a fibrocarilagenous joint between the two pubic bones

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6
Q

What kind of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

a synovial joint between the artiucular surfaces of the ilium and sacrum

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7
Q

What ligament suscpends the sacrim between the two iliac bones and transfers weight from the axial to appendicular skeleton?

A

the interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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8
Q

How do the posterior and anterior sacroiliac ligaments differ?

A

the anterior is thin and not well defined

the posterior has 2 parts which are very strong

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9
Q

What ligament extends from the ischial tuberosity to the lower sacrum and coccyx?

A

the sacrotuberous ligament

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10
Q

What ligament extendsf rom the ischial spine to the lower sacrum and occyx?

A

the sacrospinous ligament

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11
Q

What ligament resists forward rotation of the upper sacrum? How about backward rotation of the lower sacrum?

A 
Forward = interoseous sacroiliac
backward = sacrotuberous and sacrospinous
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12
Q

How do the male and pelvic pelvis differ?

A

male pelvis is heavy, thick and has more prominent bone markins while the female pelvis is wider, shallower and has larger superior and inferior pelvic aprttures

pelvic inlet is heart shaped in males and oval in female

pubic arch is rounder and wider in the female

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13
Q

What are the four variations of pelvic shape based on the shape of the pelvic inlet?

A 
typical male (android)
typical female (gynecoid)
ape-like (anthropoid)
flat female type (platypoid)
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14
Q

What is dystocia?

A

difficult labor due to deformities of the pelvis

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15
Q

What is the true conjugate diamater of the pelvis?

A

it’s the distance from the sacral promontory to a point just below the superior margin of the pubic symphysis

it’s the shortest diameter through which the fetus’ head must pass

normal is 11 cm or more

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16
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate diameter?

A

the distance from the sacral promontory to the lower border of the symphysis - normal is about 11.5 cm

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17
Q

What is the obstetric conjugate diamter?

A

the distance from the sacral promontory to the thickest part of the pubic bone - usually about 10 cm

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18
Q

What are the two muscles of the pelvic walls?

A

obturator internus

piriformis

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19
Q

What forms the pelvic floor?

A

the pelvic diaphragm, which stretches across the pelvis like a hammock suspended from the iliacus fascia

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20
Q

What’s the anterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm called?

A

the levator ani

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21
Q

What is the posterior division of the pelvic diaphragm called?

A

the coccygeus portion

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22
Q

What fascia is located in the pelvis to cover the pelvic viscera, fill in space and transmit neurovasculature to organs?

A

endopelvic fascia

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23
Q

What are the two divisions of the endopelvic fascia?

A

parietal pelvic fascia (over pelvic muscles)

visceral pelvic fascia (over pelvic viscera)

24
Q

Which is more important in the repair of prolapsed structures - the fascia or the muscles?

A

fascia

25
Q

The visceral fascia is thickened in areas to form what two ligaments to provide additional support to the pelvic organs?

A 
the cardinal (lateral) ligaments
Sacrouterine (uterosacral) ligaments
26
Q

The anterior surface of th uterus is separated from the urinary bladder by what?

A

the vesicotuerine pouch

27
Q

The posterior surface of the uterus is separated from the rectum by what?

A

the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

28
Q

WHat is the two layered fold of periteonum that extends across the pelvic cavity from the uterus to the lateral pelvic walls

A

the broad ligament of the uterus

29
Q

What are the four parts of the broad ligament?

A

mesovarium
suspensory ligament
mesosalpinx
mesometrium

30
Q

What does the mesovarium do?

A

attaches the ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament

31
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do?

A

it transmits the ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves that the ovary dragged inits descent from the abdomen

32
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

the free superior margin of the broad ligament

33
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

the portion of the broad ligament below the mesosalpinx and mesovarium

34
Q

What do we call the upper remnant of the gubernaculum?

A

the round ligament of the ovary (or proper ovarian ligament)

35
Q

What does the round ligament of the ovary extend from?

A

from the ovary to the uterus where the uterine tube connects

36
Q

The round ligament of the uterus passes from the uterus to what?

A

the deep inguinal ring and through the inguinal canal

37
Q

What was the round ligament of the uterus originally?

A

the lower remnant of the fubernaculum

38
Q

If the pelvic floor is damaged from laceration of the perineum and separation of the levator ani muscle, what will prolapse?

A

the whole pelvic floor will sag and both the vagina and uterus may prolapse or extrude from the vaginal opening

39
Q

Prolapse of he bladder is usually from what?

A

a result of repeated obstetrical trauma - the inferior portion fo the bladder will sag below the openings of the urethra due to a weakened or torn pelvic diaphragm

40
Q

What do we call a bulging bladder wall into the anterior vaginal wall?

A

a cystocele

41
Q

What do we call prolpase of the rectum?

A

rectocele

the anterior wall of the rectum bulges into the vagina

42
Q

What reproductive organs are located in the male pelvis?

A 
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory ducts
prostate gland
urethra
43
Q

What ventral rami contribute to the sacral plexus of somatic nerves?

A

1/2 of L4, L5 and S1-S4

44
Q

What are the branches of the sacral plexus that pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  1. sciatic nerve L4, 5, S1-3
  2. superior gluteal L4, 5, S1
  3. inferior gluteal L5, S1, 2
  4. n. to quadratus femoris L4, 5, S1
  5. n. to obturator internus L5, S1, 2
  6. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve S1, 2, 3
  7. pudendal nerve S2, 3, 4
45
Q

Which is the only branch from the previous card that exits ABOVE the priformis? Rest exiting below….

A

the superior gluteal nerve

46
Q

What are the two branches to the pelvis from the sacral plexus?

A

the nerve to the piriformis

branches to the levator ani

47
Q

What plexus holds the autonomic innervation?

A

the inferior hypogastric plexus or pelvic plexus

48
Q

The inferior hypogastric plexus provides autonomic inenrvation of all the pelvic organs except what?

A

the gonads

49
Q

The sympathetic compontens emerge as what?

A

the lumbar splanchnics and sacral splanchnics

50
Q

What do the sympathetic omponents do to the wall of the rectum and bladder?

A

relax - inhibit contraction

51
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to the inferior hypogastric plexus have their nerve cell bodies situation in what levels of the spinal cord?

A

S2, 3, 4

52
Q

THe preganglionic parasymapathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the S2-4 spinal roots, spinal nerves, and ventral rami to emerge from the ventral aspect as what?

A

the pelvic splanchnic nerves

53
Q

Do the pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

no - just enter them

54
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers cause?

A

contraction of the detrusor musce of the bladder and musclar wall of the rectum, but relaxation of the internal sphincters of rectum and bladder

55
Q

What fibers besides the autonomics are prsent in the hypogastric plexus?

A

visceral afferent fibers

56
Q

THe inferior hypogastric plexus eventually gives rise to subsidiary plexuses including what?

A

rectal plexus
prostatic plexus
uterovaginal plexus
vesical plexus

GI Week 3 (15 decks)

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