Low Yield Flashcards
How to perform cricothyroidotomy?
Position pt with neck hyperextended
Landmark cricothyroid membrane (hold thyroid, stay midline, sharpie)
Inject local anesthesia
Vertically cut skin
Insert finger and palpate CTM
Cut CTM horizontally then dilate to 1cm
Insert finger to confirm hole
Insert bougie
Insert 6.0 ETT, inflate cuff
Check etCO2
What bones make up the bony orbit?
Frontal, maxilla, zygoma, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid
What sinuses are formed from the orbital floor, roof + medial wall?
Orbital roof = floor of frontal sinus
Orbital floor = roof of maxillary sinus
Medial wall = forms walls of ethmoid + sphenoid sinus + nasal cavity
What are the types of orbital #s + common causes?
Orbital rim caused by direct blow to bony orbit
Orbital wall caused by blunt trauma to globe (blowout # more common, blowin # usually from trauma against frontal bone or maxilla)
Trapdoor orbital #
Pure orbital floor # (typically peds)
Grading of spondylolisthesis
Grade 1: 1- 25% slippage
Grade 2: 26-50% slippage
Grade 3: 51-75% slippage
Grade 4: 76-100% slippage
Grade 5: Greater than 100% slippage
Types of AC joint separation
1 = sprain of AC ligament, intact CC ligament + AC joint capsule
2 = complete tear of AC ligament, sprained but intact CC ligament, widened AC joint
3 = complete tear of AC + CC ligaments, dislocated AC joint, superior displacement of distal clavicle
4 = complete tear of AC ligament, partial or complete disruption of CC ligament, dislocation of AC joint, <100% posterior displacement of distal clavicle into trapezius, high probability of detachment of deltoid + trapezius muscle from distal clavicle
5 = complete tear of AC + CC ligaments, dislocated AC joint, >100% superior displacement of distal clavicle, 100-300% widening of CC interval
Zones of flexor tendons in hand
Zone 1: distal to FDP insertion (FDP tendon only)
Zone 2: proximal A2 pulley to FDS insertion (no man’s land - poorer outcomes)
Zone 3: distal carpal tunnel to proximal A2 pulley (contains lumbricals)
Zone 4: carpal tunnel (contains flexors + median nerve)
Zone 5: Proximal to carpal tunnel (different repairs if muscle belly involved)
Zones of extensor tendons in hand
Zone 1: DIPJ (mallet injury)
Zone 2: middle phalanx (can involve central slip insertion)
Zone 3: PIPJ (Boutonierre deformity)
Zone 4: Proximal phalanx (can involve central slip + lateral bands)
Zone 5: MCPJ (can involve sagittal band + joint capsule)
Zone 6: metacarpals (distal to junctura (tendon can retract))
Zone 7: wrist joint (involvement of extensor retinaculum)
Zone 8: distal ⅓ of forearm (can involve musculotendinous junction)
Zone 9: proximal ⅔ of forearm (can involve muscle belly)
What is McArdle disease?
Genetic condition, type 5 glycogen storage disease. Causes muscle pain, less commonly myoglobinuria. Pt gets pain + cramping shortly after starting exercise. Can get second wind phenomenon. CK is elevated at rest, muscle biopsy shows glycogen accumulation
What is carnatine palmitoyltransferase deficiency?
Condition that prevents body from using fats for energy due to issues w/ lipid storage, causing hypoglycemia + muscle pain with prolonged exercise, myoglobinuria is common, CK + ischemic forearm test is normal
