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CASEM > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of dorsal radial wrist pain

A

Extensor carpi radialis tenosynovitis, de quervains tenosynovitis, skid fracture, distal radius fracture

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2
Q

Causes of dorsal Central wrist pain

A

Posterior interosseus nerve/radial nerve entrapment, gangly incest, scapholunate ligament sprain

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3
Q

Causes of dorsal ulna wrist pain

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis, TFCC tear, ulnar styloid fracture, triquetral fracture

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4
Q

Causes of volar radial wrist pain

A

Carpo-metacarpal OA

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5
Q

Causes of volar central wrist pain

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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6
Q

Causes of volar ulnar wrist pain

A

Thoracic outlets syndrome, ulnar nerve compression, hook of hamate fracture

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7
Q

Causes of thoracic pain

A

Intervertebral joint sprain, para spinal muscle strain, costotransverse joint sprain, Scheuermann’s disease (teens), postural imbalance of neck + shoulder
Rib stress #
Thoracic disc prolapse
T4 syndrome
Cardiac causes
Peptic ulcer
Shingles

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8
Q

Causes of chest pain in an athlete

A

Rib trauma, referred pain from thoracic spine, sternoclavicular joint disorders, side strain, costochondritis, cardiac, peptic ulcer, PE, reflux, shingles

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9
Q

Causes of buttock pain

A

Myofascial pain, referred from lumbar spine, proximal hamstring tendinopathy, SI joint dysfunction, piriformis syndrome, posterior thigh compartment syndrome, proximal hamstring tendon rupture, glute tendinopathy, ankylosing spondylitis, Spondyloarthropathy

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10
Q

Causes of anterior hip pain

A

Labral tear, OA, synovitis, ligament teres tear, groin related pain, stress fracture of neck of femur, traction apophysitis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, SCFE, Perthe’s dz, tumor

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11
Q

Causes of lateral hip pain

A

Glute tear, referred lumbar pain, bursitis, neck of femur #, nerve root compression

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12
Q

Causes of posterior hip pain

A

Posterior labral tear, referred pain, proximal hamstring issue, sciatica

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13
Q

causes of Groin pain

A

Adductor related, iliopsoas related, inguinal related, pubic related, hip related groin pain
Inguinal or femoral hernia
Nerve entrapment (obturator, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral), referred pain (lumbar, SI), apophysitis (ASIS, AIIS, pubic bone)
Stress #, SCFE, Perthe’s, AVN
UTI, STI, appendicitis, diverticulitis,
Testicular tumor

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14
Q

Causes of anterior thigh pain

A

Quadriceps, muscle contusion or strain, myositis ossificans, referred pain, nerve entrapment (lateral or femoral cutaneous), SCFE, Perthe’s, compartment syndrome

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15
Q

Causes of posterior thigh pain

A

Hamstring muscle strain or contusion, referred pain, tendinopathy of biceps femoris, compartment syndrome

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16
Q

Causes of Shoulder Pain

A

Rotator cuff pathology (strain, tear, tendinopathy)
GH instability
Biceps pathology (SLAP labral tears, biceps tendinopathy, tenosynovitis)
Posterior shoulder stiffness (GIRD)
Scapular pathology + dysfunction (AC + SC joint pathology, sprain, fracture, dislocation)
Pec major or long head of biceps tear
Adhesive capsulitis
Neurovascular entrapment (suprascapular, long thoracic, axillary, thoracic outlet syndrome)
Snapping scapula
C spine or T spine referred pain
Bony tumor proximal humerus
Visceral referred pain (diaphragm, gallbladder, heart, spleen)

17
Q

Causes of lateral elbow pain

A

Extensor tendinopathy, referred pain from cervical or thoracic spine, synovitis of radio-humeral joint, posterior interosseous nerve entrapment, osteochondritis dissecans of capitellum or radius

18
Q

Causes of medial elbow pain

A

Flexor tendinopathy, MCL sprain, ulna nerve compression, little leaguer’s elbow

19
Q

Causes of posterior elbow pain

A

Olecranon bursitis
Triceps tendinopathy
Gout, pseudogout
RA, OA
Posterior impingement syndrome
Loose bodies/ osteophytes
Referred cervical pain

20
Q

Causes of acute knee pain

A

Meniscus tear, MCL sprain, ACL sprain, articular cartilage injury, PCL sprain, patella dislocation, patella tendon rupture, quadriceps tendon rupture, bursitis, tibial plateau fracture, osteochondritis dissecans

21
Q

Causes of immediate (0-2 hrs) knee swelling after injury

A

ACL rupture, patella dislocation, major chondral lesion, MCL sprain

22
Q

Causes of delayed (6-24hrs) knee swelling after injury

A

Meniscus, smaller chondral lesion

23
Q

Causes of anterior knee pain

A

Patellofemoral pain, patella tendinopathy, pre-patella bursitis, quadriceps tendinopathy, fat pad impingement, Osgood Schlatter, stress # patella, referred pain from hip, SCFE, osteochondritis dessicans, Perthe’s

24
Q

Causes of lateral knee pain

A

IT band syndrome, lateral meniscus injury, patellofemoral syndrome, OA of lateral compartment, biceps femoris tendinopathy, posterolateral corner knee injury, synovitis, referred pain from lumbar, SCFE, Perthe’s

25
Q

Causes of posterior knee pain

A

Knee joint effusion, bakers cyst, referred pain, biceps femoris tendinopathy, popliteus tendinopathy, DVT, claudication, PCL sprain

26
Q

Causes of medial knee pain

A

Patellofemoral syndrome, medial meniscus injury, OA of medial compartment, pes anserine bursitis, MCL injury, referred pain from hip, SCFE, Perthe’s

27
Q

Causes of shin pain

A

Bone stress reaction or stress fracture, medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartments syndrome, pop artery entrapment, strain or tendinopathy

28
Q

Causes of calf pain

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus or plantaris strain, DOMS, Chronic compartment syndrome, claudication, DVT, popliteal artery entrapment, bakers cyst, cramping

29
Q

Causes of pain in Achilles region

A

Achilles tendinopathy, tibialis posterior tendinopathy, posterior ankle joint impingement, Achilles rupture, Sever’s disease

30
Q

Acute ankle injuries

A

ATFL, CFL, PTFL sprain
Medial ligament injury, AITFL injury
Fracture of malleolus, tibial plafond, base of 5th, calcaneus, talus
Fracture dislocation
Syndesmosis injury

31
Q

Causes of persistent ankle pain after injury

A

Fracture of calcaneus, talus, tibial plafond, base of 5th
Anterior or posterior impingement
Syndesmosis sprain
Medial ligament sprain
Complex regional pain syndrome
Peroneal tendon weakness/ rupture

32
Q

Causes of medial ankle pain

A

Tibialis posterior tendinopathy, flexor hallucis longus tendinopathy, medial calcaneal nerve entrapment, tarsal tunnel syndrome, talar stress fracture, medial malleolar stress #, posterior impingement syndrome, navicular stress fracture, complex regional pain syndrome

33
Q

Causes of lateral ankle pain

A

Peroneal tendinopathy, sinus tarsi syndrome, impingement syndrome, stress # of talus or distal fibula, complex regional pain syndrome

34
Q

Causes of rear foot + inferior heel pain

A

Plantar fasciitis, fat pad contusion, calcaneal stress #, talar stress #, complex regional pain syndrome, medial calcaneal nerve entrapment

35
Q

Causes of midfoot pain

A

Navicular stress fracture, mid tarsal joint sprain, Lisfranc sprain, tibialis posterior tendinopathy, cuneiform or cuboid stress fracture

36
Q

Causes of forefoot pain

A

Stress fracture of metatarsal, MTP joint synovitis, 1st MTP joint sprain, bunion, Morton’s neuroma, corns, Freibergs, nail trauma or disease

37
Q

What injuries can be caused by hyperextension of the knee?

A

Tibial plateau, meniscus

38
Q

What injuries can be caused by a forceful blow inferior to knee

A

PCL

CASEM (14 decks)

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