Low Visibility Operations

Question 1

When are approach and landing ops not authorised?

Answer 1

VIS below 800m

Unless RVR available for intended rwy

Question 2

When shall LVO TKOFs be conducted at towered ADs? (LVO TKOF MINIMA)

Answer 2

When RV / RVR less than 550m

Question 3

When is a TKOF alternate required?

Answer 3

When conditions are below CAT I approach minima

Question 4

What are the LVO TKOF restrictions?

Answer 4

State approves operation

Minima published

When RV/RVR <550m ATC have to advise LVO procedures are in force

LVOs only approved at towered ADs

LVOs no permitted at non towered ADs but VIS may be reduced. Determine rwy is clear by back tracking

Question 5

What is the lowest TKOF minima for non towered ADs? Day and Night?

Answer 5

Day - 550m

Night - 800m

Question 6

LVO Landing Minima

Answer 6

DH - 200ft

VIS - 800m or

RVR - 550m or lowest vis minima crew is approved and current for

Question 7

LVO environments limits?

Answer 7

A/C PERFORMANCE

STIPULATIONS IN RELEVANT APPROVAL

Question 8

LVO TKOF AND LDG wind limits

Answer 8

HW - 30kts

X-wind - 15kts

TW - 10kts

Question 9

When is switching during LVO approach not permitted?

Answer 9

Below 1000ft HAT

Question 10

When is the approach not continued if corrective switching required after a system failure?

Answer 10

Below 1000ft HAT

Switching to re engage AP below 1000ft HAT not permitted

Question 11

When is RVR used instead of RV?

Answer 11

TKOF minima less then 350m

CAT I approach with VIS less than 800m

CAT I SA, CAT II SA, CAT II/III approached in use

Question 12

Can PIC act as an approved observer using RV for TDZ for LVO TKOF?

Answer 12

Yes if TKOF VIS less than 350m RVR or RV can be used by PIC acting as an approved observer.

Question 13

When can the TDZ RVR be pilot assessed?

Answer 13

TDZ RVR inop or not reported

Local conditions appear to be significantly better

Markings, aids and lighting clearly visible

Assessment made by identifying rwy edge or centre line lights at the TKOF point

Pilot determination of VIS reported to ATC

RVR measurements are available from ATC on request

Question 14

LVO landing minimum approach and runway lighting requirements

Answer 14

Runway edge lighting (REDL)

Runway Centreline Lighting (RCLL)

TDZ lighting (TDZL)

Question 15

Is auto land mandatory for all LVO approaches?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

When are LVO approach operations required?

Answer 16

When conditions are below CAT I

ATC must be in operation and advise LVOs procedures are in effect

Question 17

CAT I LVO DA?

Answer 17

200ft

Question 18

CAT I SA DH?

Answer 18

150ft

Question 19

CAT II SA DH?

Answer 19

100ft

Question 20

CAT II DH

Answer 20

100ft

Question 21

CAT III A DH

Answer 21

50ft or No DH

Question 22

CAT III B DH?

Answer 22

No DH

Question 23

LVO ILS APPROACH SUMMARY

Answer 23

• indicates RVR required

No worse than MED braking reported by ATC

LDG Dist available = or greater than in
Preflight = LDR wet rwy
Inflight = FLD from flysmart with QNH AND AUTO LAND SELECTED SELECT CAT II FOR CAT II AND III approached

Rwy approved for auto land

If no DH and alert height required

TDZ A320 = 350m A321 = 400m

Question 24

What is an Approach ban?

Answer 24

A/C can’t TKOF or start an approach if conditions are below minima for the airport.

You can after commencing an IAP continue past FAF/OM/1000ft HAA of conditions drop below the airport LDG minima.

Question 25

Commencement/Continuation of Approach

Answer 25

If approach ban applicable an approach may not continue if ATC reported RVR is below minima

In absence of approach ban point for CATII/III the FAF will be used as the approach ban point

Once past the approach ban point the approach and continue to minima irrespective of the reported RVR

All other approaches may continue to MAP if PIC believes at the minima VIS ref will be acquired

A/C may not land or continue below minima when conditions are less than minima or if during via segment visual reference is lost of LDG rwy environment.

Question 26

When should RVR be used instead of RV?

Answer 26

TKOF minima < 350m

CAT I approached with VIS < 800m

CAT I SA CAT II SA CAT II CAT III approaches

Question 27

What is the lowest TKOF RVR/RV?

Answer 27

350m

If RV used PIC must act as an approved observer for the TDZ

Question 28

Required lighting element CAT I/ II SA and CAT II longitudinal and lateral

Answer 28

3 consecutive longitudinally aligned approach lights, TDZ or rwy lights

1 lateral element being an approach light cross bar, threshold light or barrette of touchdown lights

Question 29

CAT III A with DH Required lighting element longitudinal?

Answer 29

At least 3 consecutive longitudinal lights being approach lights, TDZ lights or rwy lights

Question 30

CAT III A NO DH required lighting element

Answer 30

No sighting of lights required

Question 31

CAT III B with DH required lighting element

Answer 31

At least one centre line light

Question 32

CAT III B no DH required lighting element

Answer 32

No sighting of lights requiered

Question 33

Fail operational Auto landing system

Answer 33

If I’m event of a failure below the alert height of 1000ft HAA the remaining part of the auto system allows AC to complete approach, flare and landing

CAT III DUAL = fail operational

Question 34

Fail operational alert height (AH)

Answer 34

Is the height at which below an auto land may continue with a failure provided the auto land lights doesn’t illuminate

AH = 100ft RA

Question 35

What happens with failures below Alert height (AH)

Answer 35

Failure below AH won’t change the landing category unless LAND mode disengaged by TOGS or both APS disconnect

A go around only commenced for an Auto Land warning illumination or on ATC instruction

Question 36

Fail Passive

Answer 36

Is an Auto landing system that even in event of a failure there is no significant out of trim condition or deviations of flight path or attitude.

But the landing is not completed automatically.

CAT III single is fail passive

Question 37

When will the Auto Land warning light illuminate?

Answer 37

Below 200ft RA when

Both APS trip off

Excessive beam deviation sensed

LOC or GS transmitter fails

RA discrepancy > 15ft RA sensed

Question 38

OEI limitations for Auto land

Answer 38

A320 = LVO fail passive permitted config full only provided engine out procedures are completed by 1000ft on approach

A321 = LVO fail passive permitted in Config 3 or full provided engine out procedure are completed by 1000ft on approach