Low Visibility Operations Flashcards
When are approach and landing ops not authorised?
VIS below 800m
Unless RVR available for intended rwy
When shall LVO TKOFs be conducted at towered ADs? (LVO TKOF MINIMA)
When RV / RVR less than 550m
When is a TKOF alternate required?
When conditions are below CAT I approach minima
What are the LVO TKOF restrictions?
State approves operation
Minima published
When RV/RVR <550m ATC have to advise LVO procedures are in force
LVOs only approved at towered ADs
LVOs no permitted at non towered ADs but VIS may be reduced. Determine rwy is clear by back tracking
What is the lowest TKOF minima for non towered ADs? Day and Night?
Day - 550m
Night - 800m
LVO Landing Minima
DH - 200ft
VIS - 800m or
RVR - 550m or lowest vis minima crew is approved and current for
LVO environments limits?
A/C PERFORMANCE
STIPULATIONS IN RELEVANT APPROVAL
LVO TKOF AND LDG wind limits
HW - 30kts
X-wind - 15kts
TW - 10kts
When is switching during LVO approach not permitted?
Below 1000ft HAT
When is the approach not continued if corrective switching required after a system failure?
Below 1000ft HAT
Switching to re engage AP below 1000ft HAT not permitted
When is RVR used instead of RV?
TKOF minima less then 350m
CAT I approach with VIS less than 800m
CAT I SA, CAT II SA, CAT II/III approached in use
Can PIC act as an approved observer using RV for TDZ for LVO TKOF?
Yes if TKOF VIS less than 350m RVR or RV can be used by PIC acting as an approved observer.
When can the TDZ RVR be pilot assessed?
TDZ RVR inop or not reported
Local conditions appear to be significantly better
Markings, aids and lighting clearly visible
Assessment made by identifying rwy edge or centre line lights at the TKOF point
Pilot determination of VIS reported to ATC
RVR measurements are available from ATC on request
LVO landing minimum approach and runway lighting requirements
Runway edge lighting (REDL)
Runway Centreline Lighting (RCLL)
TDZ lighting (TDZL)
Is auto land mandatory for all LVO approaches?
Yes
When are LVO approach operations required?
When conditions are below CAT I
ATC must be in operation and advise LVOs procedures are in effect
CAT I LVO DA?
200ft
CAT I SA DH?
150ft
CAT II SA DH?
100ft
CAT II DH
100ft
CAT III A DH
50ft or No DH
CAT III B DH?
No DH
LVO ILS APPROACH SUMMARY
- indicates RVR required
No worse than MED braking reported by ATC
LDG Dist available = or greater than in
Preflight = LDR wet rwy
Inflight = FLD from flysmart with QNH AND AUTO LAND SELECTED SELECT CAT II FOR CAT II AND III approached
Rwy approved for auto land
If no DH and alert height required
TDZ A320 = 350m A321 = 400m
What is an Approach ban?
A/C can’t TKOF or start an approach if conditions are below minima for the airport.
You can after commencing an IAP continue past FAF/OM/1000ft HAA of conditions drop below the airport LDG minima.
Commencement/Continuation of Approach
If approach ban applicable an approach may not continue if ATC reported RVR is below minima
In absence of approach ban point for CATII/III the FAF will be used as the approach ban point
Once past the approach ban point the approach and continue to minima irrespective of the reported RVR
All other approaches may continue to MAP if PIC believes at the minima VIS ref will be acquired
A/C may not land or continue below minima when conditions are less than minima or if during via segment visual reference is lost of LDG rwy environment.
When should RVR be used instead of RV?
TKOF minima < 350m
CAT I approached with VIS < 800m
CAT I SA CAT II SA CAT II CAT III approaches
What is the lowest TKOF RVR/RV?
350m
If RV used PIC must act as an approved observer for the TDZ
Required lighting element CAT I/ II SA and CAT II longitudinal and lateral
3 consecutive longitudinally aligned approach lights, TDZ or rwy lights
1 lateral element being an approach light cross bar, threshold light or barrette of touchdown lights
CAT III A with DH Required lighting element longitudinal?
At least 3 consecutive longitudinal lights being approach lights, TDZ lights or rwy lights
CAT III A NO DH required lighting element
No sighting of lights required
CAT III B with DH required lighting element
At least one centre line light
CAT III B no DH required lighting element
No sighting of lights requiered
Fail operational Auto landing system
If I’m event of a failure below the alert height of 1000ft HAA the remaining part of the auto system allows AC to complete approach, flare and landing
CAT III DUAL = fail operational
Fail operational alert height (AH)
Is the height at which below an auto land may continue with a failure provided the auto land lights doesn’t illuminate
AH = 100ft RA
What happens with failures below Alert height (AH)
Failure below AH won’t change the landing category unless LAND mode disengaged by TOGS or both APS disconnect
A go around only commenced for an Auto Land warning illumination or on ATC instruction
Fail Passive
Is an Auto landing system that even in event of a failure there is no significant out of trim condition or deviations of flight path or attitude.
But the landing is not completed automatically.
CAT III single is fail passive
When will the Auto Land warning light illuminate?
Below 200ft RA when
Both APS trip off
Excessive beam deviation sensed
LOC or GS transmitter fails
RA discrepancy > 15ft RA sensed
OEI limitations for Auto land
A320 = LVO fail passive permitted config full only provided engine out procedures are completed by 1000ft on approach
A321 = LVO fail passive permitted in Config 3 or full provided engine out procedure are completed by 1000ft on approach
