Low Mood - symptoms and diagnosis

Question 1

Symptoms of depression?

Answer 1

• low mood
• anhedonia (pleasure)
• anergia (lack of energy)
• low libido
• reduced appetite
• poor concentration
• reduced self esteem
• hopelessness

Question 2

Symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 2

• weakness
• raised TSH
• low mood
• reduced T4
• poor concentration
• cold intolerance
• anergia
• reduced appetite

Question 3

Symptoms of panic?

Answer 3

• shortness of breath
• impending doom
• trembling
• derealisation (surroundings is unreal)
• chest pain
• tingling
• palpitations
• diaphoresis (sweating)

Question 4

Symptoms of MI?

Answer 4

• Shortness of breath
• chest pain
• diaphoresis
• palpitations
• impending doom
• jaw/ left arm pain
• elevated troponin
• ischaemic change on ECG

Question 5

What are mental disorders diagnosed back on?

Answer 5

constellation of non-specific symptoms after exclusion of alternative causes

Question 6

Signs of GAD?

Answer 6

general anxiety disorder
>4 multiple symptoms
-persists over 6 months
-distress or functional impairment

Question 7

Signs of depression?

Answer 7

> 4 symptoms

• persist over 2 weeks
• distress of functional impairment

Question 8

Signs of schizophrenia?

Answer 8

> 1 or 2 multiple symptoms

-persist over 1 month

Question 9

How are mental health disorders distinguished?

Answer 9

by:

• multiple symptoms
• persistence over time
• significant distress or functional impairment

Question 10

What is a hallucination?

Answer 10

a perception in the absence of a stimulus

Question 11

What’s the difference between hypnogogic and hypnopompic?

Answer 11

Hypnogogic = hallucinations when falling asleep

Hypnopompic = hallucinations when waking up

Question 12

Pathological causes of hallucinations?

Answer 12

V = CVA (brainstem/temporal/ occipital), hypoxia 
I = delirium, encephalitis
T = brain hemorrhage
A = CASPR, NMDA, psoriasis
M = vit D, B12 deficient
I = drugs, withdrawal
N = brain, paraneoplastic
C = epilepsy, prader-willi
D = parkinsons, dementia
E = thyroid, hashimotos
F = schizophrenia, bipolar, depression

Question 13

What are some non clinical factors behind hallucinations?

Answer 13

• fatigue
• sensory deprivation
• bereavement
• religions

Question 14

Symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 14

• thought alienation
• passivity/ made affect
• anhedonia apathy
• flat affect
• ideas of reference
• delusional
• thought disorder

Question 15

What are delusions?

Answer 15

fixed false belief out of keeping with a persons cultural background

Question 16

What are ideas of reference?

Answer 16

believing a typical event or stimulus has a strong personal significance

Question 17

What is thoughts disorder?

Answer 17

disturbance in the flow thoughts making the individuals train of thought difficult to follow

Question 18

What are the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

• delusional perception = thought insertion, withdrawal or broadcast
• thought alienation = auditory hallucinations: 3rd person or thought echo
• thought alienation
• passivity/ made affect = actions feelings or sensation caused by external forces

Question 19

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

• anhedonia apathy (inability to feel pleasure)

- flat affect (depressed/ flat)