Low mood, Anxiety and Trauma related difficulties Flashcards
What is phenomenology?
The study of lived experience
What did previous Cartesian thinking suggest about a ‘real’ reality and the individual experience of reality?
There’s a distinction between the outer ‘real’ reality and the individual experience of reality (dualism).
Simply = Clear difference between the mind and body
What did previous Cartesian thinking suggest about the mind and body?
They are seperate
What did previous Cartesian thinking suggest about sensation and perception of reality?
They are untrue and are illusions
What did previous Cartesian thinking suggest about understanding reality?
Reality can only be understood through
deductive reasoning
Who was the founder of phenomenology?
Edmund Husserl
What does Phenomenology seek to understand?
Phenomenology seeks to understand the outside world as it is interpreted by and through human consciousness
How do we understand reality according to phenomenology?
By gathering first-person accounts about what it is like to have certain experiences
Researchers put aside assumptions or preconceived ideas
Why should we study phenomenology? List 7 reasons
1) Informs the content of mental health problems (e.g., symptoms).
2) Groundwork for building theory (biological, psychological) – e.g., how do mental health difficulties develop, and how are they maintained?
3) May reveal/inform how psychological and health interventions work.
4) Ensure we are asking the right questions in research.
5) Helps to develop and refine questionnaires or other assessment tools.
6) Promotes understanding and empathy.
7) Places the individual’s experiences at the centre of any intervention (psychological or medical)
What is the main method of studying phenomenology?
Qualitative method
Why do we use qualitative research to study phenomenology? List 2 reasons
1) To explore meaning and experience
2) Tends to be inductive (specific observation becomes generalised conclusion)
What type of data in qualitative research is used to study phenomenology? List 3
1) Language, words and/or images
2) Collection of rich and detailed data
3) Interviews, focus groups etc.
True or False?
Knowledge about mental health difficulties is gathered from “experts by profession” rather than “experts by experience”
False
Knowledge about mental health difficulties is gathered from people with lived experience of these difficulties (“experts by experience” as opposed to “experts by profession”)
What % of adults in Great Britain experienced moderate to severe depression between September and October 2021
16% (approx. 1 in 6)
In a systematic review of depression in university students, prevalence rates (the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period) ranged from… % to …..%
10% - 84.5%
In a systematic review of depression in university students, depression was present in …% of the total (n = 48,650) students studied
30.6%
What is sadness?
An emotional response characterised by feelings of loss, disappointment, disadvantage, grief etc
An emotional response characterised by feelings of loss, disappointment, disadvantage, grief etc
This is known as…?
Sadness
Low mood difficulties are linked to the basic emotion of…?
Sadness
Sadness can have an adaptive (coping) value
True or False?
True
Negative affect and sadness imply the presence of …?
Unmet important goals, values and needs
How can we adapt to sadness? List 2 ways
1) Motivate the avoidance of actions that might lead to future loss (protective)
2) Elicit empathy and comforting behaviour in others, strengthening social bonds
When does sadness become a problem? List 3 signs
1) When sadness is present for a prolonged period of time
2) When sadness is perceived as distressing and uncontrollable
3) When sadness causes disruption to social and occupational functioning, or more generally interferes with the person’s goals and values
What is it like to feel depressed? List 4 changes one might go through when experiencing prolonged low mood and depression
- Affect / Emotional Changes
- Bodily / Physiological Changes
- Behavioural Changes
- Cognitive Changes