Long term potentiation

Question 1

pathway to form memory

Answer 1

cortex to hippocampus with training ( new nerve impulses) to cortex for storage

lesions in the hippocapus impacts formation of new memories

Question 2

synaptic placiticty

Answer 2

new memories are formed when neutrons establish new connections or strengthen existing synapses and if you do not use it the synapse might disappear

Question 3

Long term potentiation

Answer 3

the strength of a synapse is measured by the level of excitability or responsiveness of the post synaptic neutron
high frequency and repeating synapse strengthen the synapse over time
best studied at glutamate synapse of the hippocampus
glutamate are released in the synaptic cleft and bind to NMDA and AMPA
if the action potential is weak , only the AMPA open allowing NA+ ions to go in small amount but if it is strong more glutamate are released and lets in more NA+ which makes the magnesium go and more NA and CA ions go down the NMDA

Question 4

basis of short term memory ( early phase )

Answer 4

1st : calcium initiates singling pathways that activates several protein kinases . they enhance synaptic communication in 2 ways they phosphorylate the existing AMPA receptors and increase AMPA conductance to sodium and help bring more AMPA receptors from intracellular stores to the post-synaptic membrane .

Question 5

late phase ( long term memory )

Answer 5

new protein are made and gene expression is activated to further enhance the connection between the 2 neurons these include newly synthased AMPA receptors and expression of other proteins that are involved in the growth of new dendrites spines and synaptic connection