Long Term Memory Flashcards
Who proposed the different types of LTM?
Tulving (1985)
What are the three different stores within LTM?
- Episodic Memory
- Semantic Memory
- Procedural Memory
What is Episodic Memory?
Memory of personal experiences and events from a specific point in time.
They are sometimes referred to as ‘autobiographical memories’.
They are stored with reference to context and emotion.
What are some examples of Episodic Memory?
Any events in your life such as:
- First day of school
- Family holidays
- Concerts
How do you recall Episodic Memories?
You have to make a conscious effort to recall them. Sometimes you are able to do this quickly but you are still aware that you are searching for the memory.
What is Semantic Memory?
Refers to factual knowledge of meaningful information about the world which is shared by a lot of people.
These may be concrete (‘facts’ such as London is the capital of England) or abstract (maths concepts or languages).
What are some examples of Semantic Memory?
- Word meanings
- Capital cities
- Tastes
- Appropriate behaviour in different places
How do you recall Semantic Memories?
You have to make a conscious effort to recall semantic memories.
What is Procedural Memory?
Memory of skills, actions, or ‘how’ things are done.
Memories of actions are often referred to as ‘muscle-based’ memories.
These memories are ‘implicit’ as they cannot be easily stated out loud.
They are also automatic as a result of repeated practice, allowing us to focus our attention on other tasks.
What are some examples of Procedural Memory?
- How to ride a bike
- Reading
- How to tie a shoelace
What are the 5 evaluation points for types of Long-Term memory?
+ Clive Wearing case study (evidence of different types).
- Brain-damaged patients are relatively rare.
+ Brain scan evidence.
- May ignore a fourth type (priming).
+ Real-life applications.
