Long term memory

Question 1

Tulving (1985)

Answer 1

argued the MSM of memory was too simplistic and suggested there were different types of LTM

Question 2

episodic memory

Answer 2

• personal experiences
• complex: time-stamped, emotion, people, sensory info
• conscious effort to recall info, likely to be distorted

Question 3

semantic memory

Answer 3

• general knowledge
• not time stamped
• info in schemas
• conscious effort to recall, less likely to be distorted

Question 4

procedural memory

Answer 4

• ‘how to’ memory
• actions and skills
• unconscious recall, auto actions

Question 5

explicit memory

Answer 5

• ‘knowing that’
• semantic and episodic are consciously recalled

Question 6

implicit memory

Answer 6

• ‘knowing how’
• procedural memory that can be unconsciously recalled

Question 7

LTM strengths

Answer 7

• brain scan evidence e.g. shows diff areas of brain active for diff memories
• case study evidence e.g. HM star tracing test
• practical applications e.g. Belleville- dementia patients memory training

Question 8

LTM limitations

Answer 8

• counter peel for case studies e.g. cannot generalise issues with damaged patients

Question 9

HM study

Answer 9

• asked daily to trace a star from reflection
  -got faster by the day (procedural) but had no memory of doing the task before (episodic)

Question 10

issues and debates link

Answer 10

• adopts idiographic approach through varies case studies
• adopts nomothetic approach through generalising types of LTM and their regions to everyone