Long Term Memory

Question 1

What is the encoding, capacity and duration of LTM?

Answer 1

semantically (baddedley 1966b)
unlimited
lifetime (bahrick 1975)

Question 2

What are the 3 AO1s?

Answer 2

Episodic, semantic, procedural

Question 3

AO1 - Episodic
Key terms

Answer 3

personal
birthday
details - context and emotions
declarative
time stamped

Question 4

AO1 - Semantic
Key terms

Answer 4

facts and knowledge
abstract/ concrete
paris
declarative
time stamped
less personal, large store constant

Question 5

AO1 - Procedural
Key terms

Answer 5

how, learned skills
bike
repeated practise
non- declarative
not time stamped

Question 6

3 things to consider when describing an LTM memory store

Answer 6

• declarative or not
• time stamped or not
• definition

Question 7

What are the 4 AO3s?

Answer 7

A03: Case Study patient HM Miller 1962 (+)

A03: Neuroscience evidence
(+)

A03: Allows for more targeted neurorehabilitation (+)

A03: Tulving failed to consider all types of LTM (Odours) (-)

Question 8

A03: Case Study patient HM (+)

Answer 8

For instance, Milner (1962) in case study of patient HM found that HM suffered from severe epilepsy, leading to removal of his hippocampus; post-surgery he was unable to transfer episodic and semantic information (explicit) but could learn procedural tasks (implicit).

support claim of implicit/ declarative -> theoretical -> practical -> adequate explanation

Question 9

A03: Neuroscience evidence
(+)

Answer 9

Tulving et al. (1994) asked participants to recall different types of information PET scans showed association between episodic memories and the hippocampus, semantic memories and the temporal lobe and procedural memories and the cerebellum.

scientific credibility -> universal laws -> explain + predict -> nomothetic -> practical

Question 10

Allows for more targeted neurorehabilitation (+)

Answer 10

LTM helps us in understanding different memory disorders, such as Alzheimer’s

target types -> rehab -> develops treatment

Question 11

Tulving failed to consider all types of LTM (Odours) (-)

Answer 11

Strauch et. al (2017) found that the piriform cortex is responsible for storing odours as long term memories, however only in interaction with other brain areas.

too simplistic -> limited understanding -> fail explain complexity

Question 12

What brain areas store episodic, semantic and procedural memories?

Answer 12

episodic = hippocampus
semantic = temporal lobe
preocedural = cerebellum

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