Long term conditions

Question 1

What care type places the patient in best hands

Answer 1

patient - centered

Question 2

what is patient- centered health care

Answer 2

provision of care that places the patient at the centre, this allows the healthcare system to meet the needs and preferences of patients defined by the patient

Question 3

The principles of patient centered health care are brought together by

Answer 3

The international alliance of patients organisations - declaration on patient -centered healthcare

Question 4

What principles does the patient - centered declaration outline

Answer 4

RESPECT
CHOICE AND EMPOWERMENT
PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH POLICY
ACCESS AND SUPPORT
INFORMATION

Question 5

name some of the multiple handicaps

Answer 5

physical, social and psychological well-being

Question 6

Those living with long term conditions may have what

Answer 6

family life constraints,

not able to work due to no functional capacity, physical discomfort

Question 7

who are long term conditions more prevalent in

Answer 7

elderly and those who are deprived

Question 8

long term conditions account for what percentage of appointments

Answer 8

50% - GP
63% - outpatients
70% - impatient day beds

Question 9

consequences and causes

Answer 9

that the concern, certainly in public health terms, is as much with the consequences of such long-term illness as with establishing the causes.

Question 10

incidence meaning

Answer 10

about trends in causation and the aetiology of disease.

useful when planning

Question 11

prevalence meaning

Answer 11

the amount of disease in a population -

can assess workload for health service and can study the disease

Question 12

long term conditions are usually the end result of what 3 factors
- give example

Answer 12

genetic factors
environmental factors
There might be both or neither
- cigarette smoke

Question 13

what is vulnerability

Answer 13

An individuals capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis can be deemed vulnerability.

Question 14

natural disease history - how can they vary

Answer 14

Some may have an acute onset such as stroke or MI

Some may be gradual with a slow or more rapid deterioration (e.g. angina)

There may on the other hand be relapse and remission e.g. cancer.

Question 15

Treatment can be aimed at

Answer 15

the disease, or the effect of the disease

Question 16

Give some examples of burden of treatments

Answer 16

• changing behaviour
• policing behaviour of others
• patients/caregivers have to monitor management at home
• may have to collect clinical data
• adhering to complex treatment regimes -multiple drugs (polypharmacy)
• Complex administrative systems

Question 17

the loss of social interaction and confidence

Answer 17

biographical distribution

Question 18

chronic illnesses are not just personal .. they are?

Answer 18

also the result of shared experiences and interactions with others, which may involve `re-negotiating’ existing relationships at work and at home.

Question 19

stigma over conditions

Answer 19

dilemma whether to disclose their condition or attempt to conceal the condition or aspects of it

Question 20

who can be impacted by long term conditions

Answer 20

the individual - self-pity, denial
family - emotional and physical (other family members may become ill)
- community/society - isolation may result

Question 21

What is an expert patient ?

Answer 21

when a patient has an indepth knowledge of their condition, sometimes exceeding the health care professionals

• benefits patients care and quality of life
• patients become key decision makers in the treatment process

Question 22

define disability - dictionary and WHO

Answer 22

Lacking in one or more physical powers such as the ability to walk or coordinate ones movements

WHO - Body and Structure Impairment
Activity Limitation
Participation Restrictions

Question 23

Medical models of disability (4)

Answer 23

Individual/personal cause e.g. accident whilst drunk

Underlying pathology e.g. morbid obesity

Individual level intervention e.g. health professionals advise individually

Individual change/adjustment e.g. change in behaviour

Question 24

Social mode of disability (4)

Answer 24

Societal cause e.g. low wages

Conditions relating to housing

Social/Political action needed e.g. facilities for disabled

Societal attitude change e.g. use of politically correct language.

Question 25

Name 2 right acts to protect against disability discrimination

Answer 25

DDA 1995 and 2005

Equality Act 2010

Question 26

A personal reaction to disability depends on: (5)

Answer 26

The nature of the disability
The personality of the individual
The coping strategies of the individual
The reaction of others around them 
The support network of the individual
The mood and emotional reaction of the individual

Question 27

Epidemiology of disability

Answer 27

Obesity 
Congenital
Injury
Communicable Disease
Non-Communicable Disease
Alcohol 
drugs - illicit use

Question 28

screening - Wilson’s criteria (4)

Answer 28

knowledge of the disease
knowledge of the test
treatment for disease
cost considerations