Long term conditions

Question 1

What is person- centred care?

Answer 1

Person-centered care is the provision of care that places the patient at the centre ensuring that the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves.

Question 2

What are the 5 principles in the Declaration on Patient-Centred Care?

Answer 2

Respect
Choice and empowerment
Patient involvement in health policy
Access and support
Information

Question 3

What has happened alongside the decline in acute illness?

Answer 3

A whole cohort of long term conditions have become more prevalent

Question 4

Which groups show a higher prevalence of long term conditions?

Answer 4

Older people

More deprived groups

Question 5

Long term conditions account for what percentage of GP appointments?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

Long-term condition account for what percentage of outpatient appointments?

Answer 6

64%

Question 7

Long-term conditions account for what percentage of inpatient bed days?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

What is incidence?

Answer 8

The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time

Question 9

What is prevalence?

Answer 9

The number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time

Question 10

What does incidence tell us about a disease?

Answer 10

Trends in aetiology and causation of disease. It can help planning for things like staffing and services if we know the number of new diagnoses

Question 11

What is prevalence useful for?

Answer 11

Assessing current workload of health service

Question 12

What is vulnerability?

Answer 12

An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis

Question 13

Does the liver tend to repair itself well?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Does the brain tend to repair itself well?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is biographical disruption?

Answer 15

When a long term condition leads to loss of confidence in the body which then leads to a loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity

Question 16

What effect may a long -term condition have in the family?

Answer 16

Financial
Emotional
Physical

Question 17

What effect may a long -term condition have in the patient?

Answer 17

Denial
Self-pity
Apathy

Question 18

What is “the expert patient”?

Answer 18

Patients with long-term conditions often amass a wealth of knowledge on their condition which is often not appreciated and could greatly benefit care

Question 19

What is the legal definition of disability?

Answer 19

A physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on your ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities

Question 20

What is the WHO definition of disability?

Answer 20

A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).

Question 21

What are the 3 criteria for disability specified by the WHO?

Answer 21

Body and structure impairment
Activity limitation
Participation restrictions

Question 22

What are some medical causes of disability?

Answer 22

Individual (drunk)
Underlying pathology (obese)
Behavioural change
Iatrogenic?

Question 23

What are some social causes of disability?

Answer 23

Societal (low wages)

Housing

Question 24

What are some pieces of legislation to protect disabled people?

Answer 24

Disability Discrimination Acts (DDA) 1995 and 2005 (Northern Ireland)
Equality Act (Scotland, England, Wales)

Question 25

What are some of the roles of a doctor in the context of disability?

Answer 25

Assess disability Co-ordinate MDT Intervene in the form of rehabilitation

Question 26

What are some factors which may affect reaction to disability?

Answer 26

``` Nature of the disability How informed the individual is Personality Individual's role/relationship to the affected Reaction of others Support network ```

Question 27

Does the prevalence and severity of disability rise with age?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What is Wilson's criteria?

Answer 28

The Wilson criteria for screening emphasise the important features of any screening program, as follows: the condition should be an important health problem. the natural history of the condition should be understood. there should be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage.

Question 29

What are some criteria for screening?

Answer 29

Wilson's | Jungner

Question 30

Which cancers are screened for in Scotland?

Answer 30

Breast Bowel Cervical