Long term conditions Flashcards
What is person- centred care?
Person-centered care is the provision of care that places the patient at the centre ensuring that the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves.
What are the 5 principles in the Declaration on Patient-Centred Care?
Respect Choice and empowerment Patient involvement in health policy Access and support Information
What has happened alongside the decline in acute illness?
A whole cohort of long term conditions have become more prevalent
Which groups show a higher prevalence of long term conditions?
Older people
More deprived groups
Long term conditions account for what percentage of GP appointments?
50%
Long-term condition account for what percentage of outpatient appointments?
64%
Long-term conditions account for what percentage of inpatient bed days?
70%
What is incidence?
The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time
What is prevalence?
The number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time
What does incidence tell us about a disease?
Trends in aetiology and causation of disease. It can help planning for things like staffing and services if we know the number of new diagnoses
What is prevalence useful for?
Assessing current workload of health service
What is vulnerability?
An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis
Does the liver tend to repair itself well?
Yes
Does the brain tend to repair itself well?
No
What is biographical disruption?
When a long term condition leads to loss of confidence in the body which then leads to a loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity
What effect may a long -term condition have in the family?
Financial
Emotional
Physical
What effect may a long -term condition have in the patient?
Denial
Self-pity
Apathy
What is “the expert patient”?
Patients with long-term conditions often amass a wealth of knowledge on their condition which is often not appreciated and could greatly benefit care
What is the legal definition of disability?
A physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on your ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities
What is the WHO definition of disability?
A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).
What are the 3 criteria for disability specified by the WHO?
Body and structure impairment
Activity limitation
Participation restrictions
What are some medical causes of disability?
Individual (drunk)
Underlying pathology (obese)
Behavioural change
Iatrogenic?
What are some social causes of disability?
Societal (low wages)
Housing
What are some pieces of legislation to protect disabled people?
Disability Discrimination Acts (DDA) 1995 and 2005 (Northern Ireland) Equality Act (Scotland, England, Wales)
What are some of the roles of a doctor in the context of disability?
Assess disability
Co-ordinate MDT
Intervene in the form of rehabilitation
What are some factors which may affect reaction to disability?
Nature of the disability How informed the individual is Personality Individual's role/relationship to the affected Reaction of others Support network
Does the prevalence and severity of disability rise with age?
Yes
What is Wilson’s criteria?
The Wilson criteria for screening emphasise the important features of any screening program, as follows: the condition should be an important health problem. the natural history of the condition should be understood. there should be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage.
What are some criteria for screening?
Wilson’s
Jungner
Which cancers are screened for in Scotland?
Breast
Bowel
Cervical
