Long Quiz Topics 1-4 Flashcards
What Republic Act is “Rizal Law”?
Republic Act 1425
Who proposed the “Rizal Bill”?
Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel
What does the “Rizal Bill” mandate?
it mandates schools to offer a course on Rizal’s life, works, and writings
Which party intensely opposed the “Rizal Bill”?
Catholic Church
Why did Catholic schools oppose the “Rizal Bill”?
They were threatened because of the communist and anti-Catholic views of Recto and Laurel
Who requested Recto to only require the expurgated version of Rizal’s two novels?
Archbishop of Manila, Rufino Santos
What was Recto’s response to the Archbishop’s request?
He refused and insisted on the use of the unexpurgated version of Rizal’s novels
Who quoted, “This is the fight for Rizal’s legacy”?
Ocampo, 2012
The priests who opposed the passage of the bill _________ the persons behind the bill and considered them _________.
threatened, heretic
If the bill was converted into law, what would happen to Catholic schools according to the Catholic Church?
these schools might close
What was Recto and Laurel’s response to the Catholic Church’s threat of closing Catholic schools?
if that were to happen, those schools would then be nationalized and the government would convert these schools into government-ruled institution
Senators who opposed the bill
- Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo
- Mariano Cuenco
- Decoroso Rosales
Groups who opposed the bill
- Catholic Action of the Philippines
- Congregation of the Mission
- Knights of Columbus
- Catholic Teachers Guild
___________ directed CHED and DECS to fully implement the law through ___________ in ________.
Fidel Ramos, CMO No. 247, 1994
___________ was issued to strictly enforce the law in ___________.
CMO No. 3, 1995
Significance of RA 1425
- provides insights on how to deal with current problems
- helps to understand better ourselves as Filipinos
- teaches nationalism
- provides various essential life lessons
- serves as a worthwhile inspiration to every Filipino
When was Senate Bill No. 438 filed by the Committee on Education by former Sen. Claro M. Recto?
April 3, 1956
When did Jose P. Laurel sponsor the bill?
April 17, 1956
When did Cong. Jacobo Gonzales introduce another bill, HB No. 5561?
April 19, 1956
When did the first debate take place?
April 23, 1956
When was both bills approved on the third reading?
May 17, 1956
When did Ramon Magsaysay sign and approve the bill?
June 12, 1956
Main reasons why the Catholic Church opposed the bill?
- 120 passages are Anti-Catholic
- Offensive to the Catholic doctrine
- Divides the nation
- Compulsion
- Attacks the Catholic faith
Changes made in order to enact the bill despite the Church’s opposition?
The law will focus on other works of Rizal and the reading of the unexpurgated version of El Fili and Noli will only be optional.
People’s personalities are developed through the _________ and ____________ of their environments.
experiences, influences
Rizal’s environment was his country struggling for ___________ from the _________.
independence, Spaniards
During the 19th Century, the ______________________ of the Philippines was shifting.
social, economic, and political landscape
19th Century was deemed as the _________________ as it marked the transition from traditional ways of life to a modern one—new ideas, attitudes, and institutions.
“Birth of Modernity”
What weakened Spain during the transition from traditional ways to modernity?
revolutions
Ideologies and systems before the 19th century
Monarchy, Feudalism, Passively-Accepting
Ideologies and systems during the 19th century
Democracy, Capitalism, Reform Minded
It was during the ______________. Production, transportation, and communication systems were being developed.
Industrial Revolution
There became a shift from manual labor to machine-based production. It resulted in __________.
urbanization
A philosophical movement during the late 18th and early 19th century.
Enlightenment
Enlightenment valued __________________.
reason, rationality, and
individualism
Enlightenment resulted in __________________ happening all over the world.
Political Revolutions
Ignited the yearn for new
governance which valued
individual rights, nationalism, and
freedom.
Enlightenment
The Colonial Government was headed by the King of Spain and it was divided into two branches:
the Executive branch and the Judicial branch
The Executive Branch was headed by the ____________ to represent the King in any state and religious matters.
Governor General
Who appoints the Governor General?
King of Spain
The Governor General has authority in financial matters
until ______.
1784
Which branch is responsible for all government and religious activities?
Executive branch
What composes the Judicial branch?
- Royal Audencia
- Residencia
- Visita
Who is the advisor of the Governor-General?
Royal Audencia
checks and reports the abuses of the Governor-General
Royal Audencia
Who investigates the performance of Governor-General?
Residencia
Who observes the conditions in the colony?
Visita
The Colonial Government is separated into _______, governing the _______________ of all regions.
three; province, city, and municipality
provincial government
Alcadias
The provincial government (Alcadias) is led by the ____________ which represents the King and the Governor-General.
Alcalde Mayor
city government
Ayutamiento
What is the center off trade and industry?
City Government / Ayutamiento
The City Government (Ayutamiento) is led by two __________________.
Alcaldes en Ordinario (Mayor and Vice Mayor)
Divided into several towns or pueblos.
Municipal Government
The Municipal Government is led by _____________ who is the chief executive or chief justice in town.
Gobernadorcillos
What are the four lieutenants that aid the Gobernadorcillo?
- Teniente Mayor
- Teniente de Policia
- Teniente de Sementeras
- Teniente de Ganados
Assistant of the Gobernadorcillo
Teniente Mayor
Assigned with tax collection and governance by the Governadorcillo
Teniente de Policia
Assigned with the management of agriculture by the Governadorcillo
Teniente de Sementeras
Assigned with the management of livestock and poultry by the Gobernadorcillo
Teniente de Ganados
Smallest unit of government
Barangay or Barrio
Barangays or barrios are led by the ___________ to maintain peace and order.
Guardia Civil
Throughout the Spanish Regime, _________ was used as a justification of their malicious actions towards the Filipinos.
religion
The court of justice during Rizal’s time was heavily _______. Spanish fiscals and court officials were __________ of the law and only sided with the _____________.
corrupt, ignorant, Spanish and the rich
Local indigenous populations were forbidden to organize __________ and conduct ______________.
assemblies, political meetings
Merits were based on _____________.
wealth, race, and connections
The Spanish government system was ___________. They enforced strict ___________ that denied Filipinos their ______________.
authoritarian, racial hierarchies, rights and freedom
The ________ worked hand in hand with the State as they controlled and manipulated the masses to comply with the law.
Church
_________ were imposed upon the Filipinos but were not used to develop the province but rather were pocketed by _____________.
high taxes, corrupted officials
In _____, liberalism rose in Spain after the Spanish Revolution overthrew ____________.
1868, Queen Isabela II
___________________ was appointed as the Governor-General of the Philippines; he was a true democrat and even walked around unescorted and in civilian clothing.
Carlos Maria Dela Torre
Dela Torre’s accomplishments
- freedom of speech
- abolishment of flogging
- curtailed the tribute (forced donations) and the polo y servicio (free labor)
- assigned vacant parishes and seminaries with secular priests
- created an office which prevented members of the Church from acts of abuse
- reformed the Royal Audiencia
- ordered educational reforms
- created the Council of the Philippines
Monarchy was restored in Spain as ______________ was enthroned.
Prince Amadeo of Savoy
Who replaced Carlos Maria Dela Torre as Governor-General?
Rafael de Izquierdo
Rafael de Izquierdo’s deeds
- restored press censorship
- prohibited political talks and Church secularization
- disapproved of the arts and trades rising in Manila
- dismissed natives and mestizos in civil and military service
- abolished exemption from polo y servicio and tribute
Cavite Mutiny: _____ Filipinos revolted in _____________ due to the abolition of polo and tribute exemption.
200, Fort San Felipe
Which three priests are included in GOMBURZA?
Mariano Gómes, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
What was GOMBURZA charged with?
sedition and rebellion and incriminated as masterminds of the Cavite Mutiny
False testimony by a former Bicolano soldier, ____________, bribed by Spanish prosecutors lead to the incrimination.
Francisco Zaldua
What was GOMURZA sentenced with?
death by garrote
____________ were flourishing because of revolutions happening in Spain at the time.
Britain and France
Nations became ______________ and preferred direct trade. The demand for goods from the Philippines ___________. Spain’s economic condition at the time weakened as the Galleon system was ___________. It eventually ended in the _____________ of the century.
self-sufficient, declined, exhausted, first decade
The silver mines of Spain’s colonies in South America ____________.
diminished
The War for ____________ in Mexico took place.
Independence
Through ______________, the Philippines became a supplier of raw materials to the West.
cash crop agriculture
_______________ companies invested in the Philippines for large-scale productions.
British, Dutch, and American
___________________ transacted with the said countries as the middlemen. They helped in land acquisition, mobilization of labor, crop transportation, and retail trade.
Chinese, Mestizos, and rich Natives
Travel from the Philippines to Europe shortened from _______ to just _________ as the ___________ opened.
3 months, 40 days, Suez Canal
One of the families that became wealthy through the transactions with Europe—whose patriarch (Domingo Lam-Co) is Chinese.
Mercado Family
When Rizal’s father moved to Calamba, their family’s land was __________ big. Their family was one of the most affluent families in Calamba. Rizal’s mother also came from an affluent family.
390 hectares
Education was a status symbol. It was only attained by the ____ and the ________.
rich, Spanish
Spanish racial heirarchy
- Peninsulares
- Insulares/Creoles
- Mestizos/Tisoy
- Native Filipinos/Indios
Pure-blooded Spaniards born in Spain. They were the officials and the friars.
Peninsulares
Pure-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines.
Insulares/Creoles
Mixed blooded people—a mix of native Filipino and any other foreign blood.
Mestizos/Tisoy
mixed Chinese and Filipino blood
Mestizo de Sangley
mixed Spanish and Filipino blood
Mestizo de Español
mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino blood
Tornatras
Pure-blooded and poor Filipinos. Native indigenous people.
Native Filipinos/Indios
Filipinos were treated as ______________ and with discrimination. Hence—the Spanish denied them the access and right to __________.
second-class citizens, education
The Filipinos that studied in the West, including Rizal, were exposed to ________________. This inspired them to form the __________.
secular and liberal ideas, Ilustrados
Means “erudite”, “learned”, or “enlightened ones”.
Ilustrados
Ilustrados were exposed to _________________________ ideas.
European Nationalists and Spanish liberal
Educated Filipinos that sought freedom and independence from the Spaniards.
Ilustrados
Goal of the Ilustrados
to be treated at the same level as Spaniards
Nationalism emerged in the Philippines from the cultural development which resulted from the _________________.
rapid spread of education
The spread of higher education to the middle and lower-middle classes, despite not going abroad, was essential in the development of __________________ ideas.
liberal and progressive
It required to change the education system. Instead of being solely based on religion, it needed to be focused on teaching skilled labor.
Industrial Revolution
Attempt of the Spanish Colonial Government to mandate that each town must have at least 1 primary school for boys and girls. This marked the beginning of formal education among middle and lower class Filipinos. However, due to the lack of resources and qualified teachers, the development of the national identity of the Filipinos was hindered. Nevertheless, it became the foundation of the development of a formal education system in the Philippines.
Educational Decree of 1863
As they went back to the Philippines, they brought new ideas and methods for the educational system. Literature, Science, Philosophy, and Natural Science were given emphasis. This emerged the idea of nationalism.
The Return of the Jesuits
By _____, the ratio of literate people was higher in the Philippines than Spain and the number of children attending school was higher than European Standards.
1866
What was Rizal’s motivation?
the wrongdoings and prejudice of the Spanish regime
The Ilustrados saw ______ as the hindrance to the progression of the Philippines.
Spain
The overthrowing of other ___________ in other nations motivated Rizal and the Filipinos to do the same.
colonial masters
A masterpiece that express love for one’s native language and the importance of freedom.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita mahigit sa _______ at ________________
hayop, malansang isda
Who claimed, and where, that a young Rizal did not write the poem, “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
historian Ambeth Ocampo, an episode of “The Howie Severino Podcast”.
At what age was Rizal claimed to author “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
eight years old
What evidences support the claim that Rizal did not write “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
- there are no original manuscript for the poem
- the poem was published after Rizal’s death
- the letter “K” wasn’t widely used in 1869 when Rizal was a child; words were spelled with “C” rather than a “K”
What was the story about a young Rizal inventing champorado?
According to the story, Rizal’s favorite food was tuyo, a cup of rice, and a cup of hot chocolate. He accidentally spilled hot chocolate on his plate of rice and tuyo. When scolded by his sisters, he defended that it was done intentionally, as champorado is made when rice is mixed with chocolate.
Was the story about young Rizal inventing champorado true?
Although his writings mentioned his love of eating tuyo, there was no primary source supporting the claim that he invented champorado.
What was the story about a young Rizal and tsinelas?
It was said that when a young Rizal was playing by the riverbank, one of his slippers fell and was carried by the current. Instead of chasing it, he decided to throw the other pair so that whoever finds it can have the complete set.
What was the historical basis for Rizal’s tsinelas story?
There was none
Jose Rizal’s full name
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
When and where was Rizal born?
On June 19, 1861, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
Rizal’s birth occurred between ________________, just a few days before the ___________.
eleven and twelve o’clock at night, full moon
The birthing process was not easy, as Rizal’s mother struggled due to
the _____________.
size of his head
________ after his birth, Jose Protacio, was baptized in a ____________ by the parish priest, ____________________.
three days, Catholic Church, Father Rufino Collantes
The child was christened Jose Protacio, in honor of which two saints?
- Saint Joseph or San Jose
- Saint Gervacio Protacio
When is the feast of Saint Gervacio Protacio celebrated?
every June 19th
During the baptism ceremony, ______________ noticed that Jose’s head was _______________ for a baby.
Father Collantes, unusually large
Reasons behind Jose Rizal’s long name
- Jose: in honor of Saint Joseph
- Protacio: in honor of Saint Gervacio Protacio
- Rizal: means ‘green fields’ & Claveria decree
- Mercado: means ‘market’ & old family name
- y: indicates ‘and’
- Alonso: old family name
- Realonda: Claveria decree
The first two given names - Jose Protacio - were taken from ____________.
two different saints
The surname Mercado comes from Rizal’s Chinese ancestor, ___________________.
Domingo Lam-co
In order to avoid __________________ from the Spanish authorities, Lam-co changed his family’s surname to _________________.
anti-Chinese sentiment, Mercado (“market”)
The surname Rizal is the surname adapted by the Mercados during the _______ because of the _____________.
1940s, Claveria Decree
During the ________, _____________________ mandated that Filipinos adopt surnames
to facilitate _______________.
1840s, Governor-General Narciso Claveria, census work and tax collection
From which book was every province provided a list with which each family can choose a new surname from?
Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos or Alphabetical Catalogue of Surnames in English
The family’s original choice was _________, which means _______________________ reflecting their livelihood.
Ricial, “the green of young growth” or “green fields,”
The new surname (Rizal) caused confusion in the commercial affairs of the family. _____________ thus settled on the combination name _________________ as a compromise.
Don Francisco, ‘Rizal Mercado’
The “y” in Spanish names indicates the _____________ and separates the _____________________ surnames.
conjunction “and”, patriarch’s and matriarch’s
The surname Alonso comes from Rizal’s __________________ name.
mother’s old family
The surname Realonda was the adapted surname of the ______________ due to the ________________.
Alonsos of Binan, Claveria Decree
This seemed to be a common practice, so that each family ended up with ______________: each of the _____________ family names of both __________________.
four surnames, old and new, the mother and the father
According to the book In __________, writer _________________ explains that Rizal got the nickname “Pepe” because the letters ______ were always used after the name of Saint Joseph.
Excelsis, Felice Prudente Santa Maria, “P.P.”
In Latin, “P.P.” stands for _________________ which means _________________
“pater putativus,”, “putative father.”
What does putative father mean?
a man who is alleged to be the father of a child born out of wedlock
In Spanish, the letter “P” is pronounced as _____ which led people to start calling Saint Joseph ______ instead of “Jose.”
“peh,”, “Pepe”
When is the feast of Saint Joseph celebrated?
every March 19
Jose Rizal was the _____________ of the Mercado family, who were relatively well-off and lived on a tenant land owned by a ____________ in ____________________.
seventh child, Dominican, Calamba, Laguna
List of the Rizal children in order of birth
- Saturnina
- Paciano
- Narcisa
- Olimpia
- Lucia
- Maria
- Jose
- Concepcion
- Josefa
- Trinidad
- Soledad
Saturnina’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Neneng, 1850 - 1913
Saturnina: She’s the _______ of the Rizal chidren. She married ____________________ and had _____ children together.
oldest; Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas; five
Paciano’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Lolo Ciano, 1851 - 1930
Paciano: He was the _____________ brother and confidant of Jose Rizal. After his younger brother’s execution, he joined the ______________ and became a ___________.
older (also only), Philippine Revolution, combat general
Paciano: After the Revolution, he retired to his farm in ___________, where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died an old bachelor aged ____.
Los Baños, 79
Paciano: He had ____ children by his mistress (__________________) - a ____ and a _____.
two, Severina Decena, boy, girl
Narcisa’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Sisa, 1852 - 1939
Narcisa: She was the one who found the unmarked grave of her brother in the ____________________.
abandoned Old Paco Cemetary
Narcisa: She married _______________ (nephew of ____________________), a school teacher and musician from ________.
Antonio Lopez, Father Leoncio Lopez, Morong
Olimpia’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Ypia, 1855 - 1887
Olimpia: She married _______________, a _______________ from Manila, and together they had ________ children.
Silvestre Ubaldo, telegraph operator, three
Olimpia: She died in 1887 from __________ when she was only 32 years old.
childbirth
Lucia’s dates of birth and death
1857 - 1919
Lucia: She married _______________________, who was a nephew of ________________. Together, they had _____ children.
Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, Father Casanas, five
Lucia: In ______, Mariano died due to an ________ but was denied a Christian burial. This was due to the fact that he was the _____________________.
1889, epidemic, brother-in-law of Jose Rizal
Maria’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Biang, 1859 - 1945
Remains of Rizal are separated as his skull is proudly displayed at the home of?
Narcisa
Maria: She married _________________ of Biñan, Laguna and together they had __ children.
Daniel Faustino Cruz, 5
Maria: _______________, one of Maria’s children became a student of Jose Rizal in _______ and was known to be one of his uncle’s _________.
Mauricio Cruz, Dapitan, favorites
_______ was a known recipient of many of Jose’s letters during his lifetime.
Maria
Jose’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Pepe, 1861 - 1896
Concepcion’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Concha, 1862 - 1865
Concepcion did not live very long as she died of sickness at the age of ___. Her death was Rizal’s ______________ in life.
3, first heartbreak
Josefa’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Panggo, 1865 - 1945
Josefa: She was _____________ and lived together with her younger sister _________ until death. Josefa was said to have suffered from __________.
unmarried, Trinidad, epilepsy
Trinidad’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Trining, 1868 - 1951
Trinidad: She remained ____________ and lived together with her sister _________.
unmarried, Josefa
Trinidad was the one who received an __________ from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the _____________ better known as _____________
alcohol lamp, “Last Farewell”, “Mi Ultimo Adios,”
a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896
Mi Ultimo Adios
Which of the Rizal siblings outlived the others?
Trinidad
Soledad’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Choleng, 1870 - 1929
Soledad: She was the ___________ of the Rizal siblings. She married ____________________ and together they had ___ children
youngest, Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba, 5
Soledad was allegedly an ____________ sibling as she might be the child of ___________ since their mother was ___ years old at the time.
illegitimate, Saturnina, 44
Jose Rizal’s father
Francisco Mercado Rizal
When and where was Francisco Mercado Rizal born?
May 11, 1818 in Binan Laguna
Francisco Mercado Rizal studied ________________ at the _____________________.
Latin and Philosophy, College of San Jose in Manila
Francisco lost his father early, and when both of his parents died, he moved to _________ to work in a hacienda owned by a ______________.
Calamba, Dominican
Francisco: It is clear that he might have inherited some of this when his parents died. But because of his hard work, he made their money grow even more by engaging in _____________________.
farming and trading
In ____________, Francisco was well-respected and known as ______________________ or ________________
Calamba, “Don Francisco”, “Don Kiko.”
an honorific prefix used to show respect and courtesy
don
Don Kiko was selected by the citizens of Calamba to be their ______________ or _______________.
“cabeza de barangay,”, head of the town
Francisco’s son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him “______________” in his student memoirs.
a model of fathers
What year did Jose carve a clay bust of his father?
1881
What year did Jose carve a wooden sculpture of his father?
1887
In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with _______________) ‘__________, according to some sources.
Josephine Bracken, Francisco
Who was Jose Rizal’s mother?
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos
When and where was Teodora Alonso born?
November 8, 1826 in Manila
Teodora Alonso came from a long line of _____________, which explains why her family was wealthy.
principalia
the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation
principalia
These ______ cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as __________________ and _____________________
datus, gobernadorcillos (mayor), cabezas de barangay (town chief)
The principalia status was _____________, including the government positions they held.
hereditary
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos received a fine education at the prestigious ___________________, where she displayed a special inclination toward _______________.
Colegio de Santa Rosa, literature and music
traits possessed by Teodora Alonso Realonda
- refined culture
- literary talent
- business ability
- fortitude of Spartan women
Who taught Jose Rizal to read, write and pray and at what age?
His mother, Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos, at the age of three
What values did Jose Rizal’s mother teach him at a young age?
- discipline
- justice
- compassion
- to treat Indios as equals
Teodora Alonso Realonda: Shortly before her death, the government offered her a _________ after declaring Jose Rizal as the _______________.
life pension, national hero
What was Teodora’s response to the government offering her a life pension?
She rejected it saying that their family wasn’t patriotic due to money and if the government has plenty of funds with no use for it, they should just reduce taxes
Jose Rizal’s uncle who taught him painting, sketching, and sculpture
Tiyo Jose Alberto
Jose Rizal’s uncle who instilled in him a love for education, emphasizing its importance and the value of hard work
Tiyo Gregorio
Jose Rizal’s uncle who taught him various athletic skills, including swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other martial arts
Tiyo Manuel
Jose Rizal’s childhood tutors
- Maestro Celestino
- Maestro Lucas Padua
- Leon Monroy
What did Leon Monroy teach Jose Rizal?
Spanish and Latin
What was Leon Monroy’s association with Don Kiko?
his former classmate
Following Monroy’s death, Rizal’s father sent him to study Spanish and Latin in _______.
Binan
Rizal and his brother lived with their ______ during this time, and Paciano acted as a __________ during his school days in Binan.
aunt, father figure
When did Rizal leave Calamba to study in Binan?
June 1869
Jose and Paciano rode a _________ for ______________ before reaching their aunts house in ______________.
carromata, an hour and a half, Gonzales Street Biñan
What’s a carromata?
a light 2-wheeled boxlike passenger vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony, another term for calesa
Rizal and Paciano lodged at their aunt ________________ whose house was believed to be about ____ away from the house of ____________.
Tomasa Alejandro Mercado, 30m, Aquino Cruz
Where was Aquino Cruz’ house?
on Capinpin St.
The school was a _______ and was also the house of ______________.
small nipa hut, Aquino Cruz
How did Rizal describe Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz?
described to be tall and thin and was proficient with the Spanish and Latin grammar
On his first day, Rizal was bullied by ______, the son of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. They fought in the school premises and with Rizal’s experience in martial arts, he held up against the bully who was ________________.
Pedro, physically bigger
Who challenged Jose Rizal to a fistfight after class?
Andres Salandanan
What types of bullying did Rizal experience from the Binan boys?
physical and verbal
Punishments sufferd by Rizal under the tutelage of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz?
- palo (beaten by a stick)
- palmetazos (hit by a stick on the palm)
- three or six disciplinas (lashes with a whip)
Rizal’s studies in Binan had a great influence on his views on education. He firmly believed that education is not just a ____________ but rather an _____________ that leads us towards a brighter future.
mere obligation, invaluable investment
Schools should be a _____________ and a ______________ for the mind where young minds can explore and grow, rather than what he experienced, which can be likened to a ______________________.
safe haven, playground, dreaded torture chamber
Why did Jose Alberto frequently visit his sister Teodora?
to ask for advice on what to do about his wife of the same name, Teodora, and her affair with a guardia civil
At what age did Rizal witness the death of GOMBURZA?
11 years old
Why was Teodora Alonso Realonda arrested?
alleged poisoning
Teodora Alonso Realonda’s punishment
arrested for 2 and a half years and forced to walk 50km from Calamba to Sta. Cruz
During her imprisonment, Teodora starting suffering from ________________.
poor eyesight
Attorneys who defended Rizal’s mother
Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Masigan
Jose, accompanied by ____________, went to Manila to take the entrance examinations on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at the ______________, and passed them.
Paciano, College of San Juan de Letran
When did Jose take the entrance exam for the College of San Juan de Letran?
June 10, 1872
Jose’s father was the first one who wished him to study at Letran but he changed his mind and decided to send Jose at _________ instead
Ateneo
Who denied Jose Rizal admission to Ateneo and with which reasons?
Father Margin Fernando, college registrar of Ateneo Municipal
Reasons:
- he was late for registration - he was sickly and undersized for his age (11 years old)
Who helped Jose enter Ateneo?
Manuel Xeres Burgos
What was Manuel Xeres Burgos’ relation to Father Burgos?
nephew of Father Burgos
Why did Jose adopt the name Rizal instead of Mercado?
to avoid the suspicion of Spanish authorities accompanied by the name ‘Mercado’
Where was Ateneo located?
Intramuros, within the walls of Manila
Where was Jose’s first boarding house and how far is it from the college?
Caraballo Street, 25 min walk
Who owned the first boarding house of Jose and what was her relation to the Mercados?
Titay, she owed them P300
group of Catholic priests that taught in Ateneo
Jesuits
What were the two groups of students in Ateneo?
- Roman empire
- Carthaginian empire
What was the Roman empire, in the context of Ateneo?
students consisting of internos (boarders) with red banners
What was the Carthaginian empire, in the context of Ateneo?
students consisting of externos (non-boarders) with blue banners
Order of ranks in Ateneo
- emperor
- tribune
- decurion
- centurion
- standard-bearer
How are ranks/positions determined in Ateneo?
through a challenge where a defender can lose their position by committing three mistakes
Ateneo students‘ uniform is consisted of _________________ and _____________________.
hemp-fabric trousers, striped cotton coat
What was the Atenean coat called?
Rayadillo
Aside from Ateneo, where was Rayadillo also used?
uniform for Filipino troops during the days of the First Philippine Republic
Who was Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo?
Fr. Jose Bech
In Jose’s first year in Ateneo, in which rank was he placed and why?
bottom of the class because he’s a newcomer and knows little Spanish
How long did Jose Rizal take to be the emperor of his empire from the bottom of the class?
a month
Where, when, and why did Jose take private lessons?
Sta. Isabel College, during noontime recesses, to improve his Spanish
How much did Jose Rizal pay for his extra classes in his first year in Ateneo?
three pesos
After his first year in Ateneo, what was his rank?
second place
What happened during Jose Rizal’s summer vacation after his first year at Ateneo?
Saturnina brought Jose to Tanawan but he visited his imprisoned mother in Sta. Cruz behind his father’s back.
After returning from his first summer break, where did Jose board and who was his landlady?
inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street, Dona Pepay
What was Rizal’s interpretation of his mother’s dream?
that she would be released in 3 months
What was Rizal’s first favorite novel?
the Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
What drew Rizal’s attention in the Count of Monte Cristo?
the sufferings of Edmond Dantes (the hero) in prison, his spectacular escape from the dungeon of Chateau de If, his finding a buried treasure in the rocky island of Monte Cristo, and his dramatic revenge on his enemies who had wronged him
Which costly book set did Rizal persuade his father to buy?
Cesar Cantu‘s historical work entitled Universal History
Another literature read by Jose Rizal about the visit of a German scientist-traveller
Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor
When did Jose become an interno in Ateneo?
June 16, 1875
Rizal’s best professor in Ateneo
Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
When did Rizal receive his Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo and at which age?
March 23, 1877; 16 years of age
Rizal’s titles after graduating from Ateneo
- most brilliant Atenean
- pride of the Jesuits
A religious society that Rizal was a part of in Ateneo
Marian Congregation
Other organizations of Rizal in Ateneo
- Academy of Spanish Literature
- Academy of Natural Sciences
In Ateneo, Jose studied painting under ___________, a famous painter, and sculpture under _____________.
Agustin Saez, Romualdo de Jesus
Jose carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of _____________ (Philippine hardwood) with his _____________.
batikuling, pocketknife
Who requested Rizal to carve an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus?
Father Lleonart
first written poem of Rizal, which was dedicated to his mother on her birthday
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)
Who opposed Jose to pursue higher learning in university?
Dona Teodora
What was Rizal’s first course in university and why did he choose it?
Philosophy and Letters, because his father liked it and he was still uncertain on which course to take
Who suggested Rizal to study medicine and cure his mother’s growing blindness?
Fr. Pablo Ramon, Ateneo’s Rector
a society of literary men and artists
Liceo-Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila
What was the title of Rizal’s poem submitted in a contest and which place did he achieve?
A La Juventud Filipino (to the Filipino youth), first place
What was the title of Rizal’s play submitted in a contest and which place did he achieve?
the Council of the Gods, second place
Which brand of priests dominated UST?
Dominican priests
Which university did Jose Rizal attend?
University of Sto. Tomas
