Lesson 3 - Rizal's Family, Childhood, and Early Education Flashcards
A masterpiece that express love for one’s native language and the importance of freedom.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita mahigit sa _______ at ________________
hayop, malansang isda
Who claimed, and where, that a young Rizal did not write the poem, “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
historian Ambeth Ocampo, an episode of “The Howie Severino Podcast”.
At what age was Rizal claimed to author “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
eight years old
What evidences support the claim that Rizal did not write “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”?
- there are no original manuscript for the poem
- the poem was published after Rizal’s death
- the letter “K” wasn’t widely used in 1869 when Rizal was a child; words were spelled with “C” rather than a “K”
What was the story about a young Rizal inventing champorado?
According to the story, Rizal’s favorite food was tuyo, a cup of rice, and a cup of hot chocolate. He accidentally spilled hot chocolate on his plate of rice and tuyo. When scolded by his sisters, he defended that it was done intentionally, as champorado is made when rice is mixed with chocolate.
Was the story about young Rizal inventing champorado true?
Although his writings mentioned his love of eating tuyo, there was no primary source supporting the claim that he invented champorado.
What was the story about a young Rizal and tsinelas?
It was said that when a young Rizal was playing by the riverbank, one of his slippers fell and was carried by the current. Instead of chasing it, he decided to throw the other pair so that whoever finds it can have the complete set.
What was the historical basis for Rizal’s tsinelas story?
There was none
Jose Rizal’s full name
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
When and where was Rizal born?
On June 19, 1861, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
Rizal’s birth occurred between ________________, just a few days before the ___________.
eleven and twelve o’clock at night, full moon
The birthing process was not easy, as Rizal’s mother struggled due to
the _____________.
size of his head
________ after his birth, Jose Protacio, was baptized in a ____________ by the parish priest, ____________________.
three days, Catholic Church, Father Rufino Collantes
The child was christened Jose Protacio, in honor of which two saints?
- Saint Joseph or San Jose
- Saint Gervacio Protacio
When is the feast of Saint Gervacio Protacio celebrated?
every June 19th
During the baptism ceremony, ______________ noticed that Jose’s head was _______________ for a baby.
Father Collantes, unusually large
Reasons behind Jose Rizal’s long name
- Jose: in honor of Saint Joseph
- Protacio: in honor of Saint Gervacio Protacio
- Rizal: means ‘green fields’ & Claveria decree
- Mercado: means ‘market’ & old family name
- y: indicates ‘and’
- Alonso: old family name
- Realonda: Claveria decree
The first two given names - Jose Protacio - were taken from ____________.
two different saints
The surname Mercado comes from Rizal’s Chinese ancestor, ___________________.
Domingo Lam-co
In order to avoid __________________ from the Spanish authorities, Lam-co changed his family’s surname to _________________.
anti-Chinese sentiment, Mercado (“market”)
The surname Rizal is the surname adapted by the Mercados during the _______ because of the _____________.
1940s, Claveria Decree
During the ________, _____________________ mandated that Filipinos adopt surnames
to facilitate _______________.
1840s, Governor-General Narciso Claveria, census work and tax collection
From which book was every province provided a list with which each family can choose a new surname from?
Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos or Alphabetical Catalogue of Surnames in English
The family’s original choice was _________, which means _______________________ reflecting their livelihood.
Ricial, “the green of young growth” or “green fields,”
The new surname (Rizal) caused confusion in the commercial affairs of the family. _____________ thus settled on the combination name _________________ as a compromise.
Don Francisco, ‘Rizal Mercado’
The “y” in Spanish names indicates the _____________ and separates the _____________________ surnames.
conjunction “and”, patriarch’s and matriarch’s
The surname Alonso comes from Rizal’s __________________ name.
mother’s old family
The surname Realonda was the adapted surname of the ______________ due to the ________________.
Alonsos of Binan, Claveria Decree
This seemed to be a common practice, so that each family ended up with ______________: each of the _____________ family names of both __________________.
four surnames, old and new, the mother and the father
According to the book In __________, writer _________________ explains that Rizal got the nickname “Pepe” because the letters ______ were always used after the name of Saint Joseph.
Excelsis, Felice Prudente Santa Maria, “P.P.”
In Latin, “P.P.” stands for _________________ which means _________________
“pater putativus,”, “putative father.”
What does putative father mean?
a man who is alleged to be the father of a child born out of wedlock
In Spanish, the letter “P” is pronounced as _____ which led people to start calling Saint Joseph ______ instead of “Jose.”
“peh,”, “Pepe”
When is the feast of Saint Joseph celebrated?
every March 19
Jose Rizal was the _____________ of the Mercado family, who were relatively well-off and lived on a tenant land owned by a ____________ in ____________________.
seventh child, Dominican, Calamba, Laguna
List of the Rizal children in order of birth
- Saturnina
- Paciano
- Narcisa
- Olimpia
- Lucia
- Maria
- Jose
- Concepcion
- Josefa
- Trinidad
- Soledad
Saturnina’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Neneng, 1850 - 1913
Saturnina: She’s the _______ of the Rizal chidren. She married ____________________ and had _____ children together.
oldest; Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas; five
Paciano’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Lolo Ciano, 1851 - 1930
Paciano: He was the _____________ brother and confidant of Jose Rizal. After his younger brother’s execution, he joined the ______________ and became a ___________.
older (also only), Philippine Revolution, combat general
Paciano: After the Revolution, he retired to his farm in ___________, where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died an old bachelor aged ____.
Los Baños, 79
Paciano: He had ____ children by his mistress (__________________) - a ____ and a _____.
two, Severina Decena, boy, girl
Narcisa’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Sisa, 1852 - 1939
Narcisa: She was the one who found the unmarked grave of her brother in the ____________________.
abandoned Old Paco Cemetary
Narcisa: She married _______________ (nephew of ____________________), a school teacher and musician from ________.
Antonio Lopez, Father Leoncio Lopez, Morong
Olimpia’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Ypia, 1855 - 1887
Olimpia: She married _______________, a _______________ from Manila, and together they had ________ children.
Silvestre Ubaldo, telegraph operator, three
Olimpia: She died in 1887 from __________ when she was only 32 years old.
childbirth
Lucia’s dates of birth and death
1857 - 1919
Lucia: She married _______________________, who was a nephew of ________________. Together, they had _____ children.
Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, Father Casanas, five
Lucia: In ______, Mariano died due to an ________ but was denied a Christian burial. This was due to the fact that he was the _____________________.
1889, epidemic, brother-in-law of Jose Rizal
Maria’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Biang, 1859 - 1945
Remains of Rizal are separated as his skull is proudly displayed at the home of?
Narcisa
Maria: She married _________________ of Biñan, Laguna and together they had __ children.
Daniel Faustino Cruz, 5
Maria: _______________, one of Maria’s children became a student of Jose Rizal in _______ and was known to be one of his uncle’s _________.
Mauricio Cruz, Dapitan, favorites
_______ was a known recipient of many of Jose’s letters during his lifetime.
Maria
Jose’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Pepe, 1861 - 1896
Concepcion’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Concha, 1862 - 1865
Concepcion did not live very long as she died of sickness at the age of ___. Her death was Rizal’s ______________ in life.
3, first heartbreak
Josefa’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Panggo, 1865 - 1945
Josefa: She was _____________ and lived together with her younger sister _________ until death. Josefa was said to have suffered from __________.
unmarried, Trinidad, epilepsy
Trinidad’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Trining, 1868 - 1951
Trinidad: She remained ____________ and lived together with her sister _________.
unmarried, Josefa
Trinidad was the one who received an __________ from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the _____________ better known as _____________
alcohol lamp, “Last Farewell”, “Mi Ultimo Adios,”
a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896
Mi Ultimo Adios
Which of the Rizal siblings outlived the others?
Trinidad
Soledad’s nickname and dates of birth and death
Choleng, 1870 - 1929
Soledad: She was the ___________ of the Rizal siblings. She married ____________________ and together they had ___ children
youngest, Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba, 5
Soledad was allegedly an ____________ sibling as she might be the child of ___________ since their mother was ___ years old at the time.
illegitimate, Saturnina, 44
Jose Rizal’s father
Francisco Mercado Rizal
When and where was Francisco Mercado Rizal born?
May 11, 1818 in Binan Laguna
Francisco Mercado Rizal studied ________________ at the _____________________.
Latin and Philosophy, College of San Jose in Manila
Francisco lost his father early, and when both of his parents died, he moved to _________ to work in a hacienda owned by a ______________.
Calamba, Dominican
Francisco: It is clear that he might have inherited some of this when his parents died. But because of his hard work, he made their money grow even more by engaging in _____________________.
farming and trading
In ____________, Francisco was well-respected and known as ______________________ or ________________
Calamba, “Don Francisco”, “Don Kiko.”
an honorific prefix used to show respect and courtesy
don
Don Kiko was selected by the citizens of Calamba to be their ______________ or _______________.
“cabeza de barangay,”, head of the town
Francisco’s son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him “______________” in his student memoirs.
a model of fathers
What year did Jose carve a clay bust of his father?
1881
What year did Jose carve a wooden sculpture of his father?
1887
In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with _______________) ‘__________, according to some sources.
Josephine Bracken, Francisco
Who was Jose Rizal’s mother?
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos
When and where was Teodora Alonso born?
November 8, 1826 in Manila
Teodora Alonso came from a long line of _____________, which explains why her family was wealthy.
principalia
the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation
principalia
These ______ cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as __________________ and _____________________
datus, gobernadorcillos (mayor), cabezas de barangay (town chief)
The principalia status was _____________, including the government positions they held.
hereditary
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos received a fine education at the prestigious ___________________, where she displayed a special inclination toward _______________.
Colegio de Santa Rosa, literature and music
traits possessed by Teodora Alonso Realonda
- refined culture
- literary talent
- business ability
- fortitude of Spartan women
Who taught Jose Rizal to read, write and pray and at what age?
His mother, Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos, at the age of three
What values did Jose Rizal’s mother teach him at a young age?
- discipline
- justice
- compassion
- to treat Indios as equals
Teodora Alonso Realonda: Shortly before her death, the government offered her a _________ after declaring Jose Rizal as the _______________.
life pension, national hero
What was Teodora’s response to the government offering her a life pension?
She rejected it saying that their family wasn’t patriotic due to money and if the government has plenty of funds with no use for it, they should just reduce taxes
Jose Rizal’s uncle who taught him painting, sketching, and sculpture
Tiyo Jose Alberto
Jose Rizal’s uncle who instilled in him a love for education, emphasizing its importance and the value of hard work
Tiyo Gregorio
Jose Rizal’s uncle who taught him various athletic skills, including swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other martial arts
Tiyo Manuel
Jose Rizal’s childhood tutors
- Maestro Celestino
- Maestro Lucas Padua
- Leon Monroy
What did Leon Monroy teach Jose Rizal?
Spanish and Latin
What was Leon Monroy’s association with Don Kiko?
his former classmate
Following Monroy’s death, Rizal’s father sent him to study Spanish and Latin in _______.
Binan
Rizal and his brother lived with their ______ during this time, and Paciano acted as a __________ during his school days in Binan.
aunt, father figure
When did Rizal leave Calamba to study in Binan?
June 1869
Jose and Paciano rode a _________ for ______________ before reaching their aunts house in ______________.
carromata, an hour and a half, Gonzales Street Biñan
What’s a carromata?
a light 2-wheeled boxlike passenger vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony, another term for calesa
Rizal and Paciano lodged at their aunt ________________ whose house was believed to be about ____ away from the house of ____________.
Tomasa Alejandro Mercado, 30m, Aquino Cruz
Where was Aquino Cruz’ house?
on Capinpin St.
The school was a _______ and was also the house of ______________.
small nipa hut, Aquino Cruz
How did Rizal describe Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz?
described to be tall and thin and was proficient with the Spanish and Latin grammar
On his first day, Rizal was bullied by ______, the son of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. They fought in the school premises and with Rizal’s experience in martial arts, he held up against the bully who was ________________.
Pedro, physically bigger
Who challenged Jose Rizal to a fistfight after class?
Andres Salandanan
What types of bullying did Rizal experience from the Binan boys?
physical and verbal
Punishments sufferd by Rizal under the tutelage of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz?
- palo (beaten by a stick)
- palmetazos (hit by a stick on the palm)
- three or six disciplinas (lashes with a whip)
Rizal’s studies in Binan had a great influence on his views on education. He firmly believed that education is not just a ____________ but rather an _____________ that leads us towards a brighter future.
mere obligation, invaluable investment
Schools should be a _____________ and a ______________ for the mind where young minds can explore and grow, rather than what he experienced, which can be likened to a ______________________.
safe haven, playground, dreaded torture chamber
Why did Jose Alberto frequently visit his sister Teodora?
to ask for advice on what to do about his wife of the same name, Teodora, and her affair with a guardia civil
At what age did Rizal witness the death of GOMBURZA?
11 years old
Why was Teodora Alonso Realonda arrested?
alleged poisoning
Teodora Alonso Realonda’s punishment
arrested for 2 and a half years and forced to walk 50km from Calamba to Sta. Cruz
During her imprisonment, Teodora starting suffering from ________________.
poor eyesight
Attorneys who defended Rizal’s mother
Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Masigan
