Long Profile And Landforms in Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a meander?

A

When the river erodes laterally, forming large bends, and then horse shoe like loops

Formation- due to both deposition and erosion

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2
Q

What is an oxbow lake?

A

During a flood when the river has a higher discharge and more energy, the ends join, the loop is cut off from the main channel.

Cut off loop= oxbow lake

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3
Q

What are the 3 courses?

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

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4
Q

What are features of the lower course?

A
  • river has a high volume and large discharge
  • river channel becomes deep and wide and landscape around is flat
  • when river reaches the end of its journey, energy levels are low and decomposition takes place
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5
Q

What are features of the middle course?

A
  • river has more energy and a high volume of water
  • gradient=gentle and lateral (sideways) because erosion has widened the channel
  • river channel=deepened
  • larger channel=less friction=river flows faster
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6
Q

What are features of a upper course?

A

-V-shaped valleys/interlocking Spurs
-as the river moves through the upper course it cuts downwards
-gradient=steep
River channel=narrow

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7
Q

Describe each courses river bed

A

Upper - vertical erosion
Middle - lateral erosion
Lower - alluvium deposition

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8
Q

What course has the widest flood plain?

A

Lower course

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9
Q

What is a floodplain?

A

The area around a river that is covered in times of floods

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10
Q

Describe how a floodplain works

A
  • Very fertile area due to the rich alluvium deposited by floodwater- making floodplain me a good place for agriculture
  • build up of alluvium on the river bank can create levees, which raise the river bank
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11
Q

Where are deltas formed? How are they formed?

A

Found at the mouth of large rivers

Formed when rivers deposit it’s material faster than the sea can remove it

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12
Q

What are the 3 main types of delta?

A
  • arcuate or fan shaped
  • cuspate
  • birds foot
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13
Q

What is arcuate or fan shaped delta?

Include an example.

A

The land around the river mouth arches out into the sea and the river splits many times on the way to the sea-creating a fan effect
Eg. The Niger delta

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14
Q

What is a cuspate delta?

A

The land around the mouth of the river juts out arrow- like into the sea

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15
Q

What is a birds foot delta?

A

The river splits on the way to the sea, each party of the river juts out into the sea, rather like a birds foot

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