Long coding RNA Flashcards
What’s non coding RNA?
They are short RNA sequences that are not translated or expressed as proteins
What are the three types of non coding RNA?
Short(miRNA), mid size(PROMT), long(lncRNA)->200BP
Describe miRNA biogenesis and it’s function
It’s translated and becomes a DICER(has a hairpin structure), it’s exported out of the nucleus and then processed by DROSHA, miRISC assembles and then it either is stored, degraded or goes back to translation.
The purpose of miRNA is to regulate mRNA expression .
Discuss the association of miRNA and cancer. Give an example.
When miRNA is aberrantly expressed and it regulates genes that have important roles in the hallmarks of cancer; oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes then it can cause cancer. miRNA21-oncogene, or miRNA 15 OR 16 loss involved in CLL.
Describe the functions of long non coding RNA. GIve examples of each
Influence chromatin states and transcription- FIRRE-multiple chromatin interactions
Stabilize and influence protein interactions-HOTAIR and PRC2
Regulates translation-MALAT1, ZEB2, PTEN
Discuss the association of long non coding RNA and cancer. Give an example
It is done byIt is done by overexpression of oncogenes that can regulate lncRNA expression or DNA changes or chromatin state changes cause aberrant expression of lncRNA. MALAT1 is used to hold proteins that splice mRNA and mRNA that is being produced, increase of MALAT1 is associated with gastric cancer. Increasing miRNA that targets PTEN via decreasing ZEB2 increases the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and is associated with cancer such as melanoma and the ehallmark of angiogenesis.
HOTAIR is used with lncRNA it interacts with PRC2 and another protein to regulate developmental genes, abberation in this gene will lead to metastasis.
How can lncRNA or miRNA34 be used in medicine
There is diagnostics that can be done such as PRCA2 which diagnosis prostate cancer
Or prognostic markers
Or therapeutic such as MSX34 which mimics miRNA 34
