Long Bone Flashcards
What are the key bone functions ?
Structural, movement, storage of calcium and other nutrients, protection of organs
What is Haematopoiesis?
The process of forming red blood cells
What are the different bone shapes?
Long Short Flat and Irregular
What are Sharpey’s fibres?
Like velcro how muscles attach to the bone, loops on the bone hooks on the muscle
Name the 3 parts of a long bone
Epiphysis- the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
Diaphysis- main portion of the bone, long and cylinder shaped
Metaphases- in-between the epiphysis and diaphysis both ends they contraction the epiphyseal
What is the Epiphyseal commonly known as?
Growth Plate- made of hyaline cartilage until it matures into bone
What does the growth plate turn into at about 18-21 years of age?
The Epiphyseal- indicator boundary between epiphysis and diaphysis.
What is Articular Cartilage and where is it found?
thin glass like translucent cartilage- covers epiphysis where it forms a joint with another bone
What is the function of Articular Cartilage?
Reduces friction and helps absorb shocks Does not contain blood vessels so if damaged repair is limited
What is Periosteum and where is it found?
Tough connective tissue found all round the bone except where there is articular cartilage made up of 2 layers
What is found in the inner layer of the Periosteum and what do they do?
Osteogenic cells - can develop the bones width NOT LENGHT
What’s the function of the Periosteum?
Protect and nourish the bone tissue- attachment sites fir ligaments and tendons, also assist with bone repair
Where is the Medullary Cavity and what does it do?
In the Diaphysis, contains blood vessels and bone, helps reduce density and weight
Where is the Endosteum?
lines inner surfaces of cavities in the bone and is a single layer of bone -producing cells
What are the 4 types of Bone cells ?
Osteogenic, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
What are Osteogenic cells?
Found in Periosteum and canals containing blood vessels - come from adult stem cells. Play major part in bone growth and repair
What are Osteoblasts?
Bone Building cells made in the bone matrix they initiate calcification in the matrix - found on the surface of bone
What are Osteocytes?
Main type of cell in the bone, start as osteoblasts, found in mature bone, trapped in the matrix
What do Osteocytes do?
maintain the metabolic function of bone by the exchange of nutrients and waste products in the blood.
What are Osteoclasts?
They remove old bone, found in endosteum type of white blood cell (monocytes)
What do Osteoclasts do?
secrete powerful lysosomal enzymes and acids that dissolve protein and minerals - process called resorption
What 2 bone cells work in unison to make and get rid of bone ?
Osteoblasts- make new
Osteoclasts- get rid of old bone
What are the different categories of bone ?
Spongy, Woven, Compact
Where is Spongy bone found and what is its function?
Found inside bones more in places like ribs shoulder blades ones that have lower levels of stress. Its lighter so easily moved/
