Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nail conditions > Common Nail Conditions > Flashcards

Common Nail Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Onychocryptosis

A

Ingrowing nail, when nail edge enters the dermal layer of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are symptoms of Onychocryptosis?

A

red, shiny, painful, can be inflamed, pus under the sulus epidermis or the nail plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is Onychocryptosis caused?

A

Cutting nails too short, cutting nails at an angle, picking or tearing bits off the nail, Hyperhidrosis, ill-fitting shoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Hyperhidrosis?

A

Excessive sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in Onychocryptosis ?

A

as the nail grows into the tissue it stops normal healing causing Hypergranulation ( excessive tissue) which overlaps the nail plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the stages of Onychocryptosis?

A

1- minimal injury to the sulcus ( where the nail meets the skin), slight swelling, discomfort, redness
2- Painful, excessive sweating , offensive odour, granulation tissue with pus
3- Epidermal overgrowth/ granulation tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for Onychocryptosis?

A

Removal of the nail spicule (spike) with nail nippers, edge of nail is filed down, apply sterile dressing. Alternatively full removal of partial nail or full using local anaesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does nail avulsion mean?

A

Nail removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Onycholysis?

A

When the nail plate becomes detatched from the nail bed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Onycholysis look like ?

A

White due to air getting under the nail plate, can be yellow/brown if onychomycosis present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms of Onycholysis?

A

No symptoms, not usually any pain, but debris can build up between nail plate and bed and cause discomfort and or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes Onycholysis?

A

Onychomycosis, trauma, psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is Onycholysis treated?

A

Remove detached part of the nail to stop it catching or pulling, treat any jungle infection - refer to GP if systemic treatment needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the prognosis of Onycholysis?

A

Good 3-6 months for nail plate to recover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Subungual
Haematoma?

A

Collection of blood beneath the nail plate caused by trauma, initially red then goes blue/black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of Subungual Haematoma?

A

Swelling around the site which was injured pain due to the build up of blood under the plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes Subungual Haematoma?

A

Trauma, systemic diseases eg haemophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in Subungual Haematoma ?

A

rupture of the nail vessels for major trauma whole nail plate can be lost

19
Q

How do you treat Subungual Haematoma?

A

In first 24 hours can drill distal edge to relieve pressure of blood and pain
Ice pack to reduce inflammation

20
Q

What is the prognosis of Subungual Haematoma?

A

Good , if caused by trauma can take up to 12 months for it to grow through

21
Q

What is Involution?

A

Increased transverse curvature of the nail plate

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Involution?

A

Can have no symptoms, but can be painful if the nail that’s turning is pressing on the skin or has pierced it

23
Q

What causes Involution?

A

trauma, ill-fitting footwear, poor nail cutting, bunion, malnutrition

24
Q

What can happen in a diagnosis of Involution ?

A

Leads to alterations in the cell division between layers in the nail plate causing distortion of nail plate growth

25
Q

How can Involution be treated?

A

Cutting part of the nail turning into the skin back to relieve pressure smooth any rough edges, may need partial or full nail removal for longterm - wear correct footwear, good hygiene

26
Q

What is Melonychia?

A

Brown or black discoloration of the nail caused by haem or melanin

27
Q

What causes Melonychia?

A

Trauma Onychomycosis,
Malignant melanoma (cancer), bacteria infections, Tumours mostly found in the big toe

28
Q

What is subungual melanoma?

A

Serious type of skin cancer that occurs in the skin under the nail plate

29
Q

What is Hippocratic or Clubbing?

A

Broadened digital tips Lovibonds angle >180 degrees

30
Q

What causes Hippocratic?

A

Lung disease
* Cardiac disease
* Intestinal disease and excessive thyroid hormone

31
Q

What occurs in clubbing?

A

nail emerges rom the proximal nail fold pointing upwards

32
Q

What is Schamroth’s window?

A

The gap when two healthy finger nails are put together, creates a triangle shape where the distal part of the nails meet and the proximal part does not. in Clubbing the fingers meet at the proximal part and do not come back together at the distal part

33
Q

What is Koilonychia?

A

Also known as spooning, Decompression of the nail which causes a spoon shape.

34
Q

What causes Koilonychia?

A

Trauma, can be linked to nail patella syndrome, sign of iron deficiency, exposure to solvants

35
Q

What is Onychorrhexis?

A

Exaggeration of the normal longitudinal ridges and
brittleness caused by protein layers of the nail separating linked to Associated with
* Lichen planus
* Rheumatoid A.
* Peripheral
circulatory
diseases

36
Q

What are Beau’s lines?

A

Lines, grooves, furrows or ridges, going across the nail from left to right

37
Q

What are Beau’s lines caused by?

A

Temporary interruption of matrix from trauma, or stroke or skin infection ushc as paronychia

38
Q

What is Onychomadesis?

A

Separation of the nail plate from the proximal nail bed caused by metric scarring. Reasons it happens are trauma, Subungal Haematoma , Raynaud’s , infection

39
Q

What does Onychauxis look like?

A

Brown/yellow discolouration of the nail, can have partial detachment from the nail bed- can be uncomfortable and can catch on socks, tights.hard to cut

40
Q

What are the causes of Onychauxis?

A

Fungal infection of the nail bed, vascular issues, trauma, neglect /poor cutting, skin conditions

41
Q

What is the pathology for Onychauxis?

A

The nail-late is completely disorganised, changes in the nail fold

42
Q

How is Onychauxis treated?

A

reduction of the nail using clippers or drill, remove any debris from sulk and nail surgery if appropriate

43
Q

What is Onychogryphosis?

A

Gross deformity with curvature into the shape of a ram’s horn

44
Q

How is Onychogryphosis caused ?

A

Trauma, fungal infection of nail plate , eczema, psoriasis

Nail conditions (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions