London Docklands Property Led Regeneration

Question 1

IMPACTS (TRUMD)

Answer 1

UNEMPLOYMENT + POVERTY
1981 36% unskilled/semi skilled
Male unemployment 
Poor working conditions 
Local authority housing 
1981 1/3 unsatisfactory for human habilitation 
DERELICT LAND
large areas of docks + buildings abandoned 
1981 6km2 vacant + derelict land 
INADEQUATE ROAD + PUBLIC TRANSPORT
maze of small roads surrounded by high wall = infrastructure unattractive for investment 
RUNDOWN COMMUNITY FACILITIES
old/run down hospitals/schools
MULTIPLE DRPRIVITATION
Hackney most deprived area in London 1981
Highest levels of violent theft 
Highest proportion of decaying houses

Question 2

What is the LDDC

Answer 2

UDC in 1981 to redevelop 21 km2 of area
Landowners/ designers/developers/investors/locals

• Canary Wharf regenerated
  2km2 stretch of land parallel to Thames

Question 3

POSITIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS

Answer 3

Part of Enterprise zone from 1982-1992
1998 27,000 businesses * 7.7 b private investment
Jobs 1998 85,000 worked there
Alpha++ world city
Canary Wharf Complex -headquarters of global banks e.g. Barclays / HSBC

Question 4

POSITIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS

Answer 4

24,000 homes in Wapping/Beckton
Former warehouses converted I to luxury flats
11 new primary schools/2 secondary schools/16 collages
New public facilities eg sailing
5 new health centres

Question 5

POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Answer 5

Pleasant environment for locals
Outdoor spaces eg ecology park at Bow Creek
750 ha derelict land reclaimed
130 ha of open space created
Trees planted - peaceful green surroundings

Question 6

NEGATIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS

Answer 6

New jobs to people outside area - locals didn’t have skills
1981 36% unskilled / semi skilled
Prices in area increased eg shops/pubs

Question 7

NEGATIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS

Answer 7

Tenants in area forced out
Increased house prices
Locals feel services are being pushed out
Conflict between original residents + newcomers

Question 8

NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Answer 8

Increased noise + air pollution from dust
Increased asthma
When Canary Wharf built, bronchitis cases increased
Airport noise + accidents increased

Question 9

Attempts to manage impacts

Answer 9

Wapping LDDC asked 40% housing to be sold at an affordable price
Centres to provide training In basic literacy / numeracy
LDDC supported Skillnet - job agency with employers

Question 10

Causes

Answer 10

COUNTERURBANISATION
Moved to smaller towns + villages
New towns, e.g Harlow
Improved transport
DEINDUSTRIALISATION
1980s goods by industries UK more expensive
UK wages higher - British products more expensive
Specials song ‘ghost town’ 1981
DOCKS CLOSE
1981 last of docks closed
Until 1970s biggest in world + 10,000 workers
Increase in size of ships - deeper water = Tilbury 20 miles downstream better site
1981 - 36% semi skilled / unskilled
Unemployment * jobs lost
Docks left derelict
Economic decline - businesses/shops/pubs closed