London: Case Study

Question 1

Describe why population of London increased after 1860s and why population fell after 2nd world war

Answer 1

-Rose due to Industrial Revolution
-Fell due to London East End counter urbanization. Large containers on big ships couldn’t get down the Thames canal to major dock lands thus areas like Felixstowe became places for employment. Other previous dock lands were abandoned and people left unemployed

Question 2

How much money in billions was made in 2015 from tourism?
How does London compare to other cities economically?

Answer 2

-£11.9 bil
-Top 5 cities for several measures of economic strength such as Financial Centers Index.

Question 3

Give 3 ways post industrialism (manufacturing to services) was encouraged in the UK

Answer 3

-Encourage growth of high value footloose businesses (industry not tied to particular location or country and can relocate across national borders in response to changing economic climate)
-Tourism was fastest growing global industry. Thatcher directed lots of money into services. Cheaper air travel (subsidized) and greater car ownership.
-Property and brownfield development for housing and offices for example. Not building on greenbelt. Initially, UDCs operated in 1980s (removing residents from derelict areas to build large businesses) but after backlash, stopped and community led projects began.

Question 4

Give 3 of Thatchers aims for London and Britain as a whole

Answer 4

-Encourage private sector to reinvest in inner cities for trickle down effect to solve urban deprivation. Every 1 pound of public sector met by around 3.65 private
-UDCs (reclaim and assemble derelict land and invest in infrastructure)
-Socioeconomic polarization increased (very rich near poor). Local people wouldn’t work at these newly developed firms eg HSBC. International employees replaced them instead.

Question 5

What was the London docklands development corporation set up by the conservatives? (LDDC) 1981

Answer 5

-East end derelict due to
deindustrialisation.
-8.5 square miles of land regenerated
-Grants of 70 mil rising to 300mil per year
-Key infrastructure such as new railway links and transformed canary wharf into financial centre.
-Govt gave purchasing power to private companies to buy out residents and businesses.
-People didn’t have much of a choice. Criticized for prioritizing businesses.

Question 6

What was the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation introduced by labor in 2004?

Answer 6

Larger scale. Biggest in Europe. LDDC to the coast.
Schools, transport, employment (180k jobs was the target) and affordable housing.
Green spaces for eco-region.
Local regeneration.
Olympic park site 200ha was part of the planning.
Targeted at communities and sustainability.

Question 7

East End Olympic Legacy 1/3
Housing regeneration:
Give the aim for no of houses on athletes village and number affordable.
What actually happened?

Answer 7

Aim: 4k houses with 3k affordable.
Only 2800 made with 1200 affordable.

Question 8

2/3Olympic:
Environmental regeneration aim.
What actually happened?

Answer 8

-Aimed to create largest urban park in Europe using 200Ha brownfield sites. Clean river Lea.
-Reality: 30k tonnes of rubbish cleaned from river Lea and new waterside park with new habitats and breeding programmes.

Question 9

3/3 Olympic:
What was the employment aim?
Reality?

Answer 9

-Aim: 3k jobs and create the IBC for media and journalists to begin development of a “Silicon Valley.”
-Reality: IBC is now Here East. Sustainable high tech commercial business district with over 6600 jobs. Schools and nightschools during Olympics for locals to learn employable skills. Though, other firms had to relocate.

Question 10

Give 2 negatives of the East End Olympic Legacy

Answer 10

-Locals have been priced out
-Some argue that the development was already going to occur in Stretford - just at a later date.