LoN in the 1930s Flashcards

1
Q

state the problem, the response and the effect in the Manchuria crisis in 1931-33:

A
  • Problem:
  • Japan invaded Manchuria (North-East China)
  • Response:
  • After a long delay, no action was taken
  • Effect:
  • Made the League seem weak and ineffective
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2
Q

state the problem, the response and the effect of disarmament in 1932-34:

A
  • Problem:
  • Germany complained that only it had disarmed
  • Response:
  • League could not get other members to agree to disarm
  • Effect:
  • Germany left the League in 1933 and began to rearm openly
  • League members such as Britain no longer tried to stop it
  • League members also began to rearm themselves
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3
Q

state the problem, the response and the effect of the Abyssinian Crisis in 1935-36:

A
  • Problem:
  • Italy invaded Abyssinia
  • Response:
  • League members could not agree effective sanctions against Italy. Britain and France tried to do a secret deal to give most of Abyssinia to Italy
  • Effect:
  • League was seen as powerless and irrelevant
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4
Q

what was the economic depression?

A
  • Late 1920s -> Boom in world trade
  • 1929 -> USA Wall Street Crash started a long depression that quickly caused economic problems throughout the world
  • As US loans dried up, businesses in many countries went bust, leading to unemployment
  • Some countries tried to protect their own industries by bringing in tariffs to stop imports
  • Germany, Japan, Italy and Britain started to rearm
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5
Q

How did the economic depression affect the USA?

A
  • One way the LoN could prevent invasions was with economic sanctions
  • Depression made USA unwilling to help because it would make it worse
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6
Q

How did the economic depression affect Britain?

A
  • Unwilling to help sort out international disputes

- When Japan invaded Manchuria they did nothing

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7
Q

How did the economic depression affect Japan?

A
  • Depression threatened to bankrupt Japan

- In need of raw materials e.g silk from USA

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8
Q

How did the economic depression affect Germany?

A
  • Hit Germany badly
  • Unemployment
  • Poverty
  • Chaos
  • Adolf Hitler came to power to lead
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9
Q

How did the economic depression affect Italy?

A

-Economic problema encouraged Mussolini to try and build an overseas empire to distract people’s attention from the difficulties the government faced

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10
Q

What was the Manchurian Crisis, 1931-33?

A
  • Japan has become a major power by 1920s with growing economy, population and military
  • Rise of right wing militarism in Japan in 1920s and 1930s
  • Exacerbated by Great Depression
  • Desire to build an empire (imperialism) due to militarism and economic situation
  • Japan looks to eastern China; province of Manchuria (Manchuoko)
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11
Q

What happened to the South Manchurian Railway, 1931?

A

-Controlled by the Japanese, link to Chinese territory Japanese looking for an excuse to invade Manchuria, Japanese claimed that the railway was attached by the Chinese

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12
Q

How did Japan take charge in Manchuria?

A

-The Japanese sent military power, annexing

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13
Q

Why did China appeal to the LoN?

A
  • Japan is part of the League so China also has to be part of it to resist the Japanese
  • China is powerless
  • Their only choice is joining the League
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14
Q

How did the LoN act upon the Manchurian Crisis?

A
  • League is slow to act, League takes over a year to publish the report of the Japanese invading China - LoN sides with China and demands the Japanese to retreat back to Japan
  • Very slow to respond, Britain and France don’t want to act against Japan
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15
Q

How did the Japanese react: withdrawal from LoN and invasion of Jehol, 1933?

A
  • They left the League of Nations
  • Japan is outraged and they immediately resign
  • This makes them free and Jehol is then invaded in 1933
  • League of Nations is indecisive
  • Japan can now do whatever they want
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16
Q

State the reasons for the League’s failures during the Manchurian Crisis:

A

Weakness of China
-Mobilise very slowly because of Chinese weakness

Non-membership of USA & USSR

  • USSR becoming very strong
  • Most powerful Nations not involved
  • Britain and France not willing to risk war without them

Apathy of France and Britain

  • Far away
  • Because it only concerns China
  • They wanted to maintain power
  • Japan’s trade partner

Strength of Japan

  • Largest navy in the world
  • Militaristic
  • Powerful army
17
Q

State the similarities and differences of The Manchurian Crisis and The Abyssinian Crisis:

A

Similarities:
-invaded by a foreign power

Differences:
-Japan left the LoN

18
Q

What were the origins of the Abyssinian Crisis and why was Italy interested in the area?

A
  • LoN ruled against Italy and voted for economic sanctions
  • In 1896 Italian troops had tried to invade Abyssinia but had been defeated by a poorly equipped army
  • Mussolini wanted revenge
  • Resources and fertile land
  • Failed invasion in 1896
19
Q

What happened in December 1934 at the Wal-Wal oasis?

A
  • Dispute between Italian and Abyssinian soldiers, 80 km inside Abyssinia - confrontation between troops
  • Mussolini used this as an excuse and claimed it was actually Italian territory
  • Trigger (excuse) to invade
  • Started to prepare Italian army for invasion
20
Q

What happened between January and October 1935 during The Abyssinian Crisis?

A
  • Mussolini supposedly negotiated with the League
  • Was actually making Italy war hungry
  • Signed agreement in early 1935, Stresa Pact, state went against Germany rearming
21
Q

Why did the Stresa Front encourage Mussolini to think he could invade Abyssinia?

A
  • Encouraged Mussolini that he was stronger
  • Slowed weakness of the League
  • Commitment of Britain, France and Italy to oppose Germany
22
Q

What was the attitude of the public in Britain?

A
  • Wanted to be more lenient with Germany
  • Including British population
  • Secret treaty between Germany and Britain, that Germany could rearm to 35% of Britain army
23
Q

When did Mussolini invade Abyssinia and what was the result?

A
  • October 1935 he launched its army

- Abyssinians resisted, but there was no match for modern Italian army equipped, with tanks aeroplanes, gas

24
Q

What sanctions did the League impose on Italy?

A
  • Banned arms sales to Italy
  • Banned exports of rubber, tin and metals
  • Delayed sanctions over two months
  • Banned coal
25
Q

Why did the Suez Canal remain open to Italy?

A
  • Main supply route to Abyssinia
  • Closing it could have been resulted in war with Italy for Britain and France
  • Didn’t want to provoke war with Mussolini
26
Q

What was the Hoare-Laval Pact and what happened after its collapse?

A
  • Was aimed to give Mussolini 2/3 of Abyssinia
  • Pact was between Hoare and Laval in 1935
  • Retails of plan were leaked to French press
  • Oil Nan was further delayed
  • February 1936 stopped oil sales but too late
  • Mussolini already took the majority of Abyssinia
27
Q

What happened to Abyssinia during the Hoare-Laval Pact?

A
  • Italy annexed Abyssinia
  • Completely invaded
  • Now part of Italian empire