Loire Valley Flashcards
1
Q
What is the principal grape variety in Saumur-Champigny AOC wines and how much min percentage must it be?
A
Cab Franc - 85%
2
Q
Describe wine from Saumur-Champigny AOC (SAT)
A
pale ruby in color
med to med + intensity
redcurrant, leafy aromas,
medium alcohol
high acidity
medium tannins
good to very good
inexpensive to mid-priced with a few premium examples
3
Q
Max yield for Saumur-Champigny AOC
A
57 hl/ha - leads to some wines with low intensity
4
Q
What are soils like in Saumur-Champigny AOC and what is the benefit
A
chalk, flint and clay: a combination of good drainage and water holding potential (valuable in dry periods)
5
Q
When can Saumur-Champigny AOC wines be released?
A
as early as December of the year of the harvest
6
Q
When are most Saumur-Champigny AOC wines intended to be drunk?
A
young for primary fruit flavors
7
Q
What are the three key appellations in Saumur?
A
Saumur-Champigny AOC
Saumur AOC
Coteaux de Saumur AOC
8
Q
What types of wines does the Saumur AOC include
A
red, white, rose, and sparkling
9
Q
What varietal are white wines from Saumur AOC made from?
A
Chenin Blanc
10
Q
What varietal are red wines from Saumur AOC made from?
A
principally Cab Franc
11
Q
What varietal are rose wines from Saumur AOC made from?
A
Cab Franc and Cab Sauvignon
12
Q
What are the max yields in Saumur AOC
A
60 hl/ha for whites
57 hl/ha for reds and roses
leads to low flavor intensity
13
Q
What types of wines (varietal) are made in Coteaux de Saumur AOC
A
sweet Chenin Blanc
14
Q
How are Coteaux de Saumur AOC wines made
A
using overripe grapes with or without botrytis - picked with a number of passes through vineyard
15
Q
What are the max yields in Coteaux de Saumur AOC
A
limited to 35 hl/ha
16
Q
Describe sweetness and acidity of Coteaux de Saumur AOC wines
A
high acidity and lusciously sweet
17
Q
What are the key Touraine Appellations?
A
Touraine AOC
Vouvray AOC
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC
Bourgueil AOC
Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil AOC
Chinon AOC
18
Q
What types of wines are made in Touraine AOC?
A
white, red, rose, and sparkling
19
Q
What is the principal variety used for white wines in Touraine AOC
A
Sauvignon Blanc
20
Q
What are the principal varietals used for red wines in Touraine AOC
A
Cab Franc and Cot
Gamay is also grown and can be attached to the name Touraine AOC Gamay
21
Q
What are the varietals used for rose wines in Touraine AOC
A
wide range of varietals including Cab Sauvignon, Cab Frac, Cot, Gamay, and Grolleau
22
Q
Besides the basic Touraine AOC why can 6 other subzones names be added? Give an example
A
Allows for differences between varietals used reflecting what is locally grown EX: Touraine AOC Ambroise Blanc is made from Chenin Blanc not Sauvignon Blanc
23
Q
what is the most important white wine appellation in Touraine?
A
Vouvray AOC
24
Q
What are wines made from in Vouvray AOC?
A
minimum 95% Chenin Blanc but are typically 100%
25
What are the max yields for Vouvray AOC?
52 hl/ha
26
Where are the best vineyards in Vouvray AOC and why?
slopes that overlook the Loire - promotes ripening due to good sunlight interception with the river acting as a moderating influence on temps
27
what types of soils are in Vouvray AOC?
flinty, clay and limestone, over a tuff (allows good drainage)
28
What style wines of Vouvray are made?
dry = every vintage
some demi-sec most years
sweet - rarer
29
What are max yields for Montlouis sur Loire AOC
52 hl/ha
30
What varietal is Montlouis sur Loire AOC made from
100% Chenin Blanc
31
Where is the Montlouis sur Loire AOC appellation?
faces Vouvray appellation from across south bank of the Loire river; vineyards run from Loire Valley to the Cher
32
What are the 3 important appellations for red wines in Touraine?
Bourgueil AOC
Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil AOC
Chinon AOC
33
What type of wines are made in Bourgueil AOC
specializes in red wines but rose also made
34
what is the principal varietal used in Bourgueil AOC
Cab Franc with only 10% of Cab Sauvignon
35
What is the max yield in Bourgueil AOC
55 hl/ha - resulting in wines of high quality and lower yields
36
What varietal is used mainly in Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC?
Cab franc in lighter style than Bourgueil AOC
37
what is SAT of Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC
Similar to Saumur Champigny AOC:
pale ruby in color
med to med + intensity
redcurrant, leafy aromas,
medium alcohol
high acidity
medium tannins
good to very good
inexpensive to mid-priced with a few premium examples
38
What is the Chinon AOC best known and regarded for?
red wines
white and rose also made from Chenin Blanc
39
what is principal varietal used in Chinon AOC
Cab Franc and only 10% of Cab sauvignon
40
what is the max yield for Chinon AOC
55hl/ha
could result in wines of low flavor intensity, many are high quality and lower yields
41
what is maceration ranges for Chinon AOC
short maceration (6-8 days) on the skins = light fruity earlier to drink
longer maceration (2-3 weeks) not released until up to 2 years following the vintage.
42
What soil types are found in Chinon AOC and what is the type of wine they produce?
clay and limestone = more concentrated and structured wines
sand and gravel = lighter styles
43
While cab Franc wines are typically drunk young explain why wines from Chinon AOC can age for 20+ years.
very good flavor intensity, high acidity, and medium to medium plus tannins
44
what is price and quality for Chinon AOC wines
good to very good quality
inexpensive to mid priced with a few premium examples
45
How much of their production do both Touraine and Anjou-Saumur export?
just under 20%
46
What type of soil is found in all three appellations: Bourgueil, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgeil and Chinon?
sand
gravel
clay-Limestone
47
In comparison to Touraine how much wine does Anjou-Saumur produce?
twice as much
48
Compare rose production in Anjou to rose production in Touraine
Anjou has 10 times more rose production than Touraine
49
Compare sparkling production in Anjou to sparkling production in Touraine
Anjou Saumur makes significantly more sparkling than Touraine
50
Compare red and white production in Anjou to red and white production in Touraine
Touraine makes significantly more white and red than Anjou-Saumur
51
what is the name given to the 8 AOCs that are further east of the main grape growing areas of the Loire Valley
Central Vinyards
52
Why are they called the Central Vineyards?
they are situated roughly halfway between the river's source and mouth
53
What are the two best-known AOCs in the Central Vineyards
Pouilly-Fume and Sancerre (also have most hectares under vine
54
What is the climate of Central Vineyards?
continental - warm summers and cold winters
55
what are the main grape varietals in the Central Vineyards?
Sauvignon Blanc for whites
Pinot Noir for reds and roses
56
what are environmental threats of Central Vineyards?
spring frosts and summer hail storms
57
what is the average rainfall for Central Vineyards? and how does this impact the area
750 mm per year- high for a continental region (reduces threat of drought, but increases fungal disease threat)
58
Why is Sauvignon Blanc suitable to be grown in Central Vineyards?
late budding, relatively early ripening making it suitable to be grown in cool climates and regions with a threat of early autumn rains.
best grown in poor soils due to its vigor
59
what is sauvignon blanc susceptible to?
powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot, and trunk diseases
60
How is the canopy managed for Sauvignon blanc in Central Vineyard
avoid shading, cordon trained,
61
SAT for Sauvignon Blanc in Central Vineyard
the pronounced intensity of aromas of grass, bell pepper, asparagus, with gooseberry, grapefruit, and wet stone (cooler areas) to riper passion fruit (in warmer areas).
med body and alcohol
high acidity
62
how does row orientation and canopy management affect flavor profile of Sauvignon Blanc
fruit grown in shadier areas will result in more green pepper and grassy notes
fruit grown in more sunlight will have more tropical fruit
63
why is harvesting date important for Sauvignon Blanc
need to judge optimum ripeness but before acidity drops and flavors become overripe
64
how much of plantings in Loire Central Vineyard are Sauvignon Blanc?
70%
65
How much are planting in Loire Central Vineyard are Pinot Noir
20%
66
SAT for Loire Central Vineyard Pinot Noir
med ruby in color
light to medium intensity of raspberry, and strawberry fruit
high acidity
medium alcohol
mid to premium-priced
67
Describe fermentation temperatures in Loire Central Vineyards for white wines. why?
slightly higher than in new world for more restrained fruit expression
68
is Malolactic conversion used in Loire Central Vineyards?
no - it is often blocked - depending on vintage and style
69
how are higher quality wines aged in Loire Central Vineyards?
in old oak casks to fill out the body of the wine but not adding oak flavors
70
What varietals are used in Sancerre AOC?
whites = Sauvignon Blanc only
reds and roses = Pinot Noir only
71
what is the size of Sancerre AOC in comparison to rest of Central Vineyards in Loire?
It is the largest and most successful commercially
72
What provides moderating influences against spring frosts in Sancerre AOC?
steep hillside slopes (200-400m)
river
nearby forests
73
what are the max yields in Sancerre AOC
whites = 65hl/ha
roses = 63 hl/ha
reds = 59 hl/ha (reduced yields needed to produce flavor intense wines)
74
SAT for Sancerre AOC white wine
med intensity aromas of grapefruit and gooseberry
medium alcohol
high acidity
rarely have new oak flavors
good to outstanding
mid -premium priced with a few super premium
75
Name the three soil types in Sancerre AOC
Caillottes
Terre Blanches
Silexroducde
76
what are caillottes Soil?
very shallow soil over limestone;
fruits grown on these soils produce most aromatic wines that are ready to drink with less potential for aging
77
What is terre Blanches Soil?
the same limestone and marl found in Chablis\
fruits grown on these soils produce most structured wines that need long maturation and age well
78
what is Silex soil
flinty soils that accumulates heat and leads to early ripening
fruits grown on these soils produce stony or smokey aromas
79
what is the only grape variety used in Pouilly-Fume AOC?
sauvignon Blanc
80
What is the max yield for Pouilly-Fume AOC
65 hl/ha
81
what makes Pouilly-Fume AOC more susceptible to frost damage?
on flatter land than Sancerre AOC
82
what are the soils in Pouilly-Fume AOC?
Caillottes
Terre-Blanches
Silex
83
what is price and quality of Pouilly-Fume AOC wines?
good to outstanding
med to premium priced with a few super premium priced
84
What is the difference between Pouilly Fume and Sancerre wines?
Pouilly Fume tends to be more rounder and less aromatic than Sancerre and often needs a little more time in the bottle
85
what are the varietals for the styles of wines that come from Reuilly AOC?
white = Sauvignon Blanc only
red = PInot noir only
Roses = Pinot Gris and PInot Noir only
86
What are the Max yields for Reuilly AOC
whites = 65hl/ha
roses = 63 hl/ha
reds = 59 hl/ha
87
What are the varietals used for wines from Quincy AOC
white wines from Sauvignon Blanc (min 90%) and Sauvignon Gris
88
what are the max yields for Quincy AOC
whites = 65hl/ha
roses = 63 hl/ha
reds = 59 hl/ha
89
What are the varietals used for wines in Menetou-Salon AOC
whites = Sauvignon Blanc only
reds/roses = Pinot Noir only
90
what are max yields in Menetou-Salon AOC
whites = 65hl/ha
roses = 63 hl/ha
reds = 59 hl/ha
91
What is the quality and price point for wines of Reuilly AOC, Menetou-Salon AOC, and Quincy AOC?
good to very good
inexpensive to mid priced
92
how do the wines in Central Vineyards promote their wines
Bureau Interprofessionel des Vins du Centre (BIVC)
93
how are the % of wine sold by volume broken out by negociants, estates, and co-ops in Central Vineyards Loire Valley
negociants = 50% of all wines by volume
estates = 41%
co-op = under 10%
94
what is the largest channel in France for Loire AOC
specialist wine retail and hospitality sector (just under 44%)
supermarkets (36%)
95
How much wine is exported from Loire AOC and was is the largest export market?
20% top markets are US, UK and Germany
96
which appellation outperforms all other appellations in the Loire?
Sancerre - both by value and volume
97
Who founded the Renaissance des appellations/Return to terroir and who are they?
Nicolas Joly biodynamic producers
a group of producers from all over, but more from Loire than anywhere
98
What gives Loire Valley a long history of winemaking and trading
its ready access to the Atlantic, being home of French kings until Louis XIV and before the coming of the railway its proximity to Paris allowing wines to be transported by river
99
What is France's lojngest river?
Loire River
100
Where does the Loire River stretch
from Sancerre (400km/250miles from the atlantic) through Tourraine, and Anjou-Saumur and finally reaching the atlantic Ocean in Pays Nantais
101
What is the climate like in Loire Valley?
there are a number of different climatic zones
102
What are the key varieties in Loire>
Melon = Pays Nantais
Chenin Blanc and Cab franc = middle loire (Anjou- Saumur and Touraine)
Sauvignon BLanc and to less extent Pinot Noir = Central Vineyards (including Sancerre and Pouilly Fume)
103
What are the total percentages of toal Loire ha planted for each region
Anjou-Saumur = 37%
Touraine = 31%
Pay Nantais = 22%
Central Vineyards = 10%
104
Where does the Pays Nantais take its name from?
the city of Nantais
105
Where is Pays Nantais situated in Loire Valley?
near the Atlantic Ocean
106
What is the principle grape variety in Pays Nantais?
Melon de Bourgogne or Muscadet
but Folle Blanche (known locally as Gros Plant) is also grown
107
What type of wines does Folle Blanche make in Pay Nantais?
acidic wines that are sold locally and nationally
108
What is the climate of Pays Nantais?
cool maritime climate with cool springs, warm and humid summers and a threat of rain at any point in the growing season but especially March/April affecting flowering and Sept affecting harvest
109
what helps to off set the regular rainfall in Pays Nantais?
predominantly well drained soils
110
What is a serious problem in Pays Nantais?
despite proximity to Atlantic Ocean, spring frosts are a problem (setting back a whole region in 1991) causing producers to put in more frost preventative measures
111
What are some frost-preventative measures that Pays Nantais producers have put in to protect vines?
wine machines, heaters and burning straw bales
112
what is the only allowed variety in the Muscadet appellations?
Melon
113
What makes Melon well suited for cool region
very hardy variety
114
What is Melon prone to?
spring frosts as it buds early
115
How does early ripening help Melon in Loire?
reducing threats of rain at harvest and it can provide high yields
116
what does Melon have good resistance to?
powdery mildew
117
What is melon susceptible to in Loire and why?
downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot due to tiny bunches and the humid climate
118
General SAT for Melon wines?
high acidity
light body
low to low end of med alcohol
low aromatic intensity green apple often made sur lie
acceptable to good with some very good examples
inexpensive to mid priced
119
Beginning in 2018 what other varietal can Muscadet AOC include?
up to 10% Chardonnay
120
What do producers have to do in order to help protect from the humid climate in Pays Nantais?
monitor vineyards closely and spray to prevent fungal disease
121
What type of vine management is needed in Pays Nantais?
due to marginal climate to ripen canopy management has been improved on over the last decade
122
How is canopy management used in Pays Nantais?
canopies are more open and leave removal is carried out to ensure maximum exposure to the sun and reduce threat of fungal disease
123
Why does care need to be taken with canopy management in Pays Nantais?
to ensure the grapes on the side of the rows closest the sun in the afternoon do not get sunburnt
124
How is harvest date determined in Pays Nantais
attention is paid to the ripeness of the skins and seeds, however in hot years, the sugar levels may reach unacceptable levels before the skins and seeds become fully ripened
125
How much Chaptalization is allowed in Pays Nantais?
up to 12% abv potential alcohol and it is practiced in cooler years
126
How is Muscadet fermented and aged?
in large shallow underground glass lined concrete vats although sometimes stainless steel is also used
127
What is the purpose of aging Muscadet in glass lined concrete vats?
to keep the wine as neutral as possible and then age the wine on lees
128
Is Malolactic conversion used in Muscadet?
it is typically avoided in order to preserve high acidity
129
how are some producers experimenting with Muscadet?
skin contact and fermentation in barrel, amphora or concrete eggs (all adding cost)
130
What is a technique that is highly typical in Pays Nantais and is a way to fill out the body of a wine that would otherwise be very light bodied?
sur lie
131
what happens during sur lie in Pays Nantais?
after fermentation is completed one racking is allowed to remove the gross lees
then the wine remains in contact with the fine lees through that winter until bottling
132
What does aging wines on lees do for Muscadet wines?
retains freshness and may retain a small amount of C02 which is part of the style of Muscadet wines
133
How many appellations are there for Muscadet in Loire?
4 - 2 larger ones and 2 smaller ones
134
what are the two larger appellations found in Muscadet?
Muscadet Sevre et Meine AOC (largest at 6,400 ha)
Muscadet AOC
135
What are the two smaller appellations found in Muscadet?
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Muscadet Cotes de grandlieu AOC
136
what is the max yield for Muscadet AOC? what is max yield for other three AOCs in Muscadet
65 hl/ha but will rise to 70 hl/ha in the 2020 harvest
others = 55 hl/ha (this includes sur lie)
137
general SAT for Muscadet AOCs
dry
low intensity aromas green apple grassy notes
high acidity
light body
acceptable to good quality with some very good
inexpensive
138
When can sur lie be added to the label in Loire
can be added to any of the 4 AOC appellations
must be bottled between march 1 and nov 30 of the year following the harvest and in the winery in which they were made (this is later bottling than many other whites)
139
With the regulations around sur lie in Muscadet AOCs what does that mean for the negociants
they can only buy grapes musts or bottled wines and not wines that are sur lie
140
How many Muscadet cru communaux are there? name some examples
10 - Clisson, Gorges, and Le Pallet
141
How can a cru communaux add their name to the label?
if grapes are grown exclusively in one of the defined areas (ex: Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC Clisson)
142
what is max yield for cru communaux?
45 hl/ha
143
how long do cru communaux wines need to be kept on lees?
18 months (Le Pallet) or 24 months (Clisson and Gorges)
144
Why can't cru communaux wines be labeled sur lie
the requirement for long lees aging means that they are bottled after the date required for sur lie
145
Describe cru communaux wines and how they are different from other wines in Muscadet
rounder and more complex with longer finishes
146
What caused 13,000 ha to be planted of Muscadet in the 1980s
huge success in the UK market
147
What happened in 1991 in Muscadet?
a large frost which caused production to drop by 2/3 which also pushed prices up at the time that new world wines (esp Australian wines) were becoming popular
148
What are the size of exports from Pays Nantais?
15% by vol
149
Who account for over half the sales in Pays Nantais?
negociants
150
What three companies account for a large proportion of negociant sales in Pays Nantais?
Castel, Grand CHais de France and the Loire based Ackerman
151
How does Pays Nantais promote their wines?
along with Anjou-Saumur and Tourraine with InterLoire
152
what are the principal grape varieties are used in the middle Loire?
Chenin Blanc for dry, off dry and sweet whites
Cab Franc for reds and a contributor to rose
153
what are the principal grape varieties are used in the middle Loire?
Chenin Blanc for dry, off dry and sweet whites
Cab Franc for reds and a contributor to rose
Sauvignon Blanc key white for Tourraine
154
what happens with the moderating influence from the Atlantic Ocean in middle Loire?
decreases progressively in Anjou-Saumur and then Touraine
155
What is the climate like in Anjou-Saumur?
it is more of a marked maritime climate
156
What is the climate in Touraine
continental climate with cool winters and warm summers but not extreme as in Central Vineyards
157
How much rainfall do Anjou-Saumur and Touraine get
700mm adequate for viticulture
rains fall throughout the year
158
what does the rain effect in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine
spring rain affects flowering and fruit set
regular summer rain increases disease pressure
late summer and early autumn rains affect harvest
159
what are the best exposed sites in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine used for?
still wines as they need greater level of ripeness than sparkling wines
160
Why is Anjou ideal for sweet wines
it has the River Layon and its multiple tributaries to help create the misty conditions that spread botrytis at the end of the growing season
161
What are the soil types in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine
clay-limestone, flint clay, sand, gravel, and tuff
162
What soil is found more in Anjour
schist and limestone
163
What soil is found more in Touraine
chalk
164
what characteristics are found on the top sites in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine?
good drainage and water retention characteristics found in limestone
165
What rootstocks are used in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine due to high lime content in the soils
Fercal, Riperia Glorie de Montpiellier to protect vines from Chlorosis
166
Why is Chenin Blanc prone to spring frosts?
it is an early budding varietal
167
Is Chenin Blanc high yeilding?
it can be if allowed to be - very vigourous
168
what is chenin blanc prone to?
powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot (as well as the positive affects for sweet wines), and trunk diseases
169
What is Chenin Blanc vulnerable to?
onsets of autumn rain
170
How does a producer get the best quality Chenin Blanc
because it ripens unevenly it has to be picked on several passes throughout the vineyard - limiting the amount of mechanical harvesting that can be used
171
What styles of wines are produced in the middle Loire?
a range of wines dry, off dry, sweet and sparkling wines
172
General SAT for dry and off dry wines from middle Loire
med intensity aromas of green apple, and lemon (sometimes with steely, smokey cracker)
med alcohol
high acidity
often balanced with residual sugar for an off dry style
good to very good
inexpensive to mid priced
173
What is Cab Franc prone to In Middle Loire?
Spring frosts as it is early budding
174
What is Cab Franc prone to In Middle Loire?
Spring frosts as it is early budding
coulure
175
when does Cab Franc ripen?
its mid ripening meaning it can be picked prior to autumn rains beginning
176
what do cab franc wines taste like if they are not fully ripened?
excessively leafy
177
HOw can a producer prevent overly herbacious Cab Franc in Loire
better canopy management (avoiding dense canopies, leaf removals) along with warmer summers
178
How does Can franc do in the winter in Loire?
it is winter hardy which makes it a good variety for cool areas.
179
General SAT for cab franc wines in Middle Loire
med to pronounced intensity red fruit (red currant, raspberry), floral (violet), aromas and can have leafy aromas
light to med body
med tannins
high acidity
180
What kinds of wines are made in Loire Valley with cab franc
single varietal red wines or part of a blend of rose wines
181
What kinds of wines are made in eastern Touraine with cab franc
blended with Cot the local name for Malbec
182
What is the budding and ripening time of Groileau Noir?
early budding mid ripening
183
What is Groileau prone to?
botrytis bunch rot
184
what is Groileau mostly used for in Loire?
blending in roses esp Rose d'Anjou and Rose de Loire
185
How is Gamy Noir made in Loire?
generally made with carbonic maceration as in beaujolais
186
Where is Gamy Noir found in Loire?
some found in Anjou, but principally grown in Touraine and Central Vineyards
187
Where does Cab Suavignon do best in Loire and why?
because it is a late ripener it performs best in temperate Anjou and in only the warmest sites where early budding is possible
188
What type of wine is Cab Sauvignon used for in Loire valley
frequently blended with Cab franc and used in Rose Blends
189
What temp is Chenin Blanc fermented at in loire vallet?
cool to mid range causing fermentation to last several months
190
What vessels are used to ferment Chenin Blanc in Loire Valley?
stainless steel or large old oak
191
Is malolactic conversion used for Chenin Blanc in Loire Valley?
it is typically avoided
192
How are Chenin BLanc wines Aged in Loire?
neutral containers not new barriques - aiming to retain primary flavors
193
how is Cab Franc made in Loire Valley?
crushed and fermented in concrete or old wood vats that allow punch downs or pump overs
194
What kind of yeasts do producers use in Loire valley?
many prefer to use ambient yeasts
195
what are Cab Franc wines aged in Loire?
used oak barrels of a range of sizes
196
What is the aim for Cab Franc producers with their wines in Loire?
to retain primary fruit flavors
197
How are some more premium Cab Franc wines aged in Loire?
in a proportion of new French Oak barriques
198
How are Loire Rose's made?
many made by direct press with short maceration used on some. then winemaking proceeds as it would with a white with short aging (3-4 months) in neutral containers
199
What is the general appellation for Loire?
there is none
200
What are the 3 key regional appellations in middle Loire?
Anjou AOC
Saumur AOC
Touraine AOC
201
What is the max yield for Anjou AOC?
60 hl/ha for red or white grapes resulting in some wines of low flavor intensity
202
What is the min requirement of Chenin Blanc for Anjou Blanc?
80%
203
What is the min requirement of Can Franc and/or Cab Sauvignon for Anjou Rouge?
70%
204
what are higher quality reds made from specifically designated areas as in the Anjou AOC
Anjou Villages AOC
205
what are Anjou Villages AOC wines?
still red wines only made entirely from Cab Franc and Cab Sauvignon either singly or blended, mostly Cab Franc
206
What is max yield for Anjou Villages AOC?
55hl/ha
207
When can the wines of Anjou Villages AOC be released
Sept the year after the harvest
208
Where is Coteaux du Layon AOC found?
its a large appellation on the slopes on the right bank of the Layon River which turns into the Loire
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What kind of wine does Coteaux du Layon AOC specialize in?
wines made from botrytized affected Chenin Blanc grapes
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What can producers do in Coteaux du Layon AOC if grapes fail to develop botrytis?
dry the grapes on the vine
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What characteristic of Chenin Blanc help to allow the lusciously sweet wines to be in balance?
the natural high acidity levels
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What are the max yields and min % potential alcohol for the following: Coteaux du Layon AOC, Coteaux du Layon AOC + named village; Bonnezeaux AOC; Coteaux Layon AOC Premier Cru Chaume; Quarts de CHarme grand Cru AOC
Coteaux du Layon AOC, = /35 hl/ha - 14
Coteaux du Layon AOC + named villages = 30 - 15
Bonnezeaux AOC; = 25 - 15
Coteaux Layon AOC Premier Cru Chaume; = 25 - 16.5
Quarts de CHarme grand Cru AOC = 20 - 18
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How are the grapes harvested in Coteaux du Layon AOC
grapes need to be picked in several passes through the vineyard (tries) in order to pick only botrytized grapes
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General SAT for Coteaux du LAyon wines
pronounced aromas of cooked citrus, apple with honey notes
sweet
med + body
med alcohol
high acidity
good to very good
mid priced to premium
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What are the two areas within the geographical are of Coteaux de Layon that have high quality for sweet wines and are their own appellations?
Bonnezeaux AOC and Quarts de Chaume AOC
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What are characteristics of Bonnezeaux AOC?
higher potential alcohol, high flavor intensity, rich texture
very good to outstanding quality range
premium with a few super premium price
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Which AOC became Loire's first grand cru in 2019?
Quarts Chaume; and Corteaux du Layon AOC Chaume became a premier cru
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What is the demand for the sweet wines in Coteaux du Layon AOC/
very low demand for sweet wines so they are difficult to sell.
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What is Savennieres AOC?
small but prestigious appellation in Loire specializing in fully dry wines made of chenin Blanc
220
What kind of slopes and soils is Savennieres AOC located on
south facing slopes low fertility rocky soils
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what kind of yields does Savennieres AOC produce?
low yields which give high concentration and ripeness
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What are the acidity levels and alcohol levels of wines from Savennieres AOC
very high acidity and often reach high alcohol levels
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How do Savennieres AOC wines perform in youth?
can be very austere and often need years in bottle before they are approachable
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How has production changed in the last few years in Savennieres AOC
with improvements of vineyard management and gently warmer weather producers are now making wines in a concentrated but slightly fruity approachable style
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What is max yields in Savennieres AOC ?
50 hl/ha
226
HOw are premium cuvees made in Savennieres AOC by some producers
using a proportion of new oak
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What are the two smaller AOCs that are found within the the appellation area of Savennieres AOC
Savennieres La Roche aux Moine AOC
Coulee de Serrant AOC
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What are the nax yields for Savennieres La Roche aux Moine AOC and Coulee de Serrant AOC
lower 30 ha/hl for dry wines
229
What do the sites of Savennieres La Roche aux Moine AOC and Coulee de Serrant AOC benefit from?
warm sites on slopes facing the Loire resulting in riper fruit
230
Which Loire AOC is a monopole owned exclusively and farmed biodynamically by Nicolas Joy?
Coulee de Serrant AOC
231
What is an important center for the production of rose wines in Loire?
Anjou-Saumur
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What varieties are used to make Rose de Loire AOC wines?
Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Gamay and Grolleau Noir,
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What is the max yield for Rose de Loire AOC?
60 hl/ha
234
What varietal is Rose d'Anjou AOC?
majority made with Grolleau through Cot, both Cabs and Gamay can also be used.
235
What is the max yield for Rose d'Anjou AOC?
65 hl/ha - which can lead to wines of low intensity in flavor
236
General SAT for Rose d'Anjou AOC
med pink-orange in color (some lighter examples are now being made)
med intensity red berry fruit
med + acidity
med alcohol
med dry
inexpensive to mid priced
acceptable to good with some very good examples
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What varietals are used to make Cabernet d'Anjou AOC
must be made with Cab Franc and Cab Sauvignon
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What are max yields for Cabernet d'Anjou
60 hl/ha
239
What is the color of Cabernet d'Anjou
typically deeper in color than most rose (med pink) and med dry
240
What styles of wine are included in Saumur AOC?
white rose and red still wines as well as sparkling
241
What are white wines from Saumur AOC made from?
Chenin Blanc
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What are red wines from Saumur AOC made from?
Cab Franc principally
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What are rose wines from Saumur AOC made from?
Cab Franc and Cab Sauvignon
244
What are the max yields for Saumur AOC for white, red and rose wines?
white = 60 hl/ha
red = 57 hl/ha
rose = 57 hl/ha
this leads to some wines with low intensity
245
What type of wines are made in Coteaux de Saumur AOC?
sweet chenin blanc - with over ripe grapes with or without botrytis picked with a number of passes through the vineyard
246
What are max yields in Coteaux de Saumur
35 hl/ha
247
Describe the wines of Coteaux de Saumur
lusciously sweet, balanced by high acidity
